5 - Health Promotion Flashcards
What is health promotion?
The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve, their health.
What are the key values of health promotion to address health issues?
- Empowerment
- Social justice and equity
- Inclusion
- Respect
How is empowerment defined in health promotion?
The process through which people gain greater control over the decisions and actions affecting their health.
What are the 3 conditions that contribute to empowerment?
1.) Social networks
2.) Community participation
3.) Community competence
What are the positive impacts of empowerment?
- Increased levels of social support
- Enhanced coping capacities
- Increased life satisfaction
- Decreased susceptibility to illness
What is social justice and equity defined in health promotion?
- Equitable access to food, income, employment, shelter, education and other factors that are needed to maintain good health.
In social justice and equity, what are the results of lower-income-Canadians likely to suffer from?
they are more likely to die younger and suffer more illness than Canadians with higher income regardless of age, sex, race or place of residence.
Who are the people that may be excluded by health promotion?
- People in poverty
- III health
- Gender
- Race
- Disability or lack of education
What does health promotion do to make sure that everyone in the community is included? (inclusion)
They work with members of marginalized groups in the community who face systemic barriers to good health
How is respect defined in health promotion?
Defined by respecting a diverse range of viewpoints, cultures and perspectives which is an important pre-req for building sustainable relationships, the basis for action to achieve shared goals.
What are the 5 features to health promotion?
1.) Holistic view of health
2.) A focus on participatory approaches
3.) A focus on the determinants of health
4.) Building on existing strengths and assets
5.) Use of multiple complementary strategies
What does the holistic view of health entail in health promotion?
It is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being rather than a mere absence of disease or infirmity
What is the participatory approach in health promotion?
It is to address health issues by doing things with people rather than doing things for them. It enables people to take greater control over the conditions affecting their health
What is determinants of health in health promotion?
It is the range of social, economic and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations
What are the 12 identified key determinants of health?
1.) Income and Social Status
2.) Social support Networks
3.) Education and Literacy
4.) Employment/Working conditions
5.) Social environments
6.) Physical environments
7.) Personal health practices and coping skills
8.) Healthy child development
9.) Biology and genetic endowment
10.) Health services
11.) Gender
12.) Culture
What are the strengths and assets developed in health promotions?
- Having community leaders
- Have existing programs and services
- Have strong social networks
- Have community institutions and events that bring people together
What are the levels of intervention that may occur in health promotions? (multiple, complimentary strategies)
1.) individuals
2.) Networks (families, social groups/communities)
3.) Organizations
4.) Entire populations/society
What are the results of intervention in health promotion?
1.) Build healthy public policy
2.) Create supportive environments
3.) Strengthen community actions
4.) Develop personal skills
5.) Re-orient health services
What are strategies that help develop health promotion?
- Health communication
- Health education
- Self-help/mutual aid
- Organizational change
- Community development and mobilization
- Advocacy
- policy development
-Intersectoral collaboration
What is the comprehensive approach of health promotion?
When there is a multidisciplinary nature to health promotion. e.g: psychology, sociology, nursing, social work, community organization etc.
Why does settings help with health promotions?
Because it helps understand the behaviour and when, where, and how to build supportive environments that encourage health.
e.g:
Home and family
School
Workplace
Healthcare setting
community
How does home and family influence and shape health promotion?
- Attitudes
- Practices
- Behaviours
- Coping mechanisms
- Health behaviour
What are the internal factors that home and family are influenced by?
Values and traditions
What are the external factors that home and family are influenced by?
Employment status and neighbourhood safety
Why is home and family a primary target for health promotion interventions?
Because they are the source of information. They are known as the protector or enabler.
Why is school have the potential to have an big impact on health promotion?
Because most of the formal and informal learning is done in this setting:
- Nutrition
- Physical activity
- Sexual health and behaviour
- Substance use
What are some key features of workplace health promotion in this setting?
1.) Identify root causes of ill health
2.) Develop equitable, safe, supportive environments
3.) Support good organizational management through policy development
How does a community contribute to health promotion?
They may offer the resources and social support and tools for health
What is the downside of a community in health promotion?
That there is possibility of reinforcing inequalities in society, leaving some poeple marginalized and disadvantaged
What are 3 other approaches discussed in health promotion?
1.) Population health
2.) Disease prevention
3.) Harm reduction
What is population of health?
It is the health of the population, measured by health status indicators. Population health is influenced by physical, biological, behavioural, social, cultural economic, and other factors.
What are the 3 primary interventions with population health approach?
- Societal-level policies
- Mass population interventions
- High-risk approach
What are examples of societal level examples?
- Increase tobacco taxes
- Regulation of sodium levels
- Bicycle helmet laws
What are the aims and examples of mass population initiatives in health promotions?
They aim to reduce average risk by reducing risk factors in a population.
- Mass-immunization campaign
- Sun-safety campaign
- Health education focusing on condom use
What are some high-risk approaches?
- Breast cancer screening
- HIV testing
- School bullying intervention
more aimed at a specific group of people
what are the 4 levels of disease prevention?
1.) Primordial prevention
2.) Primary prevention
3.) Secondary prevention
4.) Tertiary prevention
What is primordial prevention?
To eliminate predisposing risk factors
What is primary prevention?
Prevent the occurence of diseases
What is secondary prevention?
Slow the progress of disease and eliminate if possible
What is tertiary prevention?
To stop the progress of established disease
What the differences in health promotion vs. disease
In health promotion;
focus on assets and strengths
commitment to participatory approaches
moves beyond biological factors to focus on the social, economic and enviromental causes of health and illness
