8: Group processes Flashcards
The idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-oriented the leader is, and on the amount of control and influence that leader has over a group, is called the:
(Hint: CToL)
Contingency Theory of Leadership
The loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people can’t be identified (such as when they are in a crowd) is called:
Deindividuation
The idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation, is called the:
(Hint: GPT)
Great Person Theory
3+ people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence another, is called a:
group.
Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking, is called:
group cohesiveness.
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members, is called:
group polarisation.
A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side, is called an:
(Hint: IS)
integrative solution.
A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in which offers and counteroffers are made, and a solution occurs only when both parties agree, is called a:
negotiation.
Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving is known as:
(Hint: PL)
process loss.
A leader who is concerned more with workers feeling and relationships, is called a:
(Hint: R-OL)
Relationship-Oriented Leader
A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, have harmful effects on everyone, is called a:
(Hint: SD)
social dilemma.
The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex ones when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated, is known as:
(SF)
Social Facilitation
The tendency for people to relax when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated, such that they do worse on simple tasks but better on complex ones, is called:
(Hint: SL)
Social Loafing
Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave is called:
social roles.
A leader who is concerned more about getting the job done, than workers feelings or relationships, is called a:
(Hint: T-OL)
Task-Oriented Leader
A means of encouraging cooperation, by at first acting cooperatively, but then always responding the way you opponent did (cooperatively or competitively) on the previous trial, is called the:
(Hint: T-f-T S)
Tit-for-Tat Strategy
Leaders who set clear, short-term goals and reward people who meet them are called:
(Hint: TL)
Transactional Leaders
The combined memory of 2 people is more efficient than the memory of either individual, is called:
(TM)
Transactional memory.
Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals, are called:
(TL)
Transformational Leaders
Why do people join groups?
- The need to belong is innate.
- Source of info about social world.
- Gives us social identities.
What are the 3 main ways individual behaviours change in a group setting?
- Social facilitation.
- Social loafing.
- Deindividuation.
What are the gender differences in social loafing?
Social loafing more prevalent in men than women.
What are the cultural difference in social loafing?
Social loafing more prevalent Western and Asian cultures.
Women leaders are often put in charge of work units in which the risk of failure is high. This is known as the:
glass cliff.
If women leaders conform to social expectations about female gender roles, they are often perceived as having:
low leadership potential.
When individuals or groups are in conflict, what 4 things determine the likelihood that this conflict will escalate or be resolved?
(Hint: STCN)
- Social dilemmas.
- Threats.
- Communication.
- Negotiation and bargaining.
When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of social dilemmas?
People must decide whether to look out for their own interest or both parties. Creating trust is crucial in solving this kind of conflict.
When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of using threats?
Using threats tends to escalate, rather than resolve conflicts.
When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of communication?
Communication only resolves conflict when it promotes trust.
When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of negotiation and bargaining?
If an integrative solution is used, allowing compromises to be made, conflict will be resolved.
