8: Group processes

Question 1

The idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-oriented the leader is, and on the amount of control and influence that leader has over a group, is called the:

(Hint: CToL)

Answer 1

Contingency Theory of Leadership

Question 2

The loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people can’t be identified (such as when they are in a crowd) is called:

Answer 2

Deindividuation

Question 3

The idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation, is called the:

(Hint: GPT)

Answer 3

Great Person Theory

Question 4

3+ people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence another, is called a:

Answer 4

group.

Question 5

Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking, is called:

Answer 5

group cohesiveness.

Question 6

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members, is called:

Answer 6

group polarisation.

Question 7

A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side, is called an:

(Hint: IS)

Answer 7

integrative solution.

Question 8

A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in which offers and counteroffers are made, and a solution occurs only when both parties agree, is called a:

Answer 8

negotiation.

Question 9

Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving is known as:

(Hint: PL)

Answer 9

process loss.

Question 10

A leader who is concerned more with workers feeling and relationships, is called a:

(Hint: R-OL)

Answer 10

Relationship-Oriented Leader

Question 11

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, have harmful effects on everyone, is called a:

(Hint: SD)

Answer 11

social dilemma.

Question 12

The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex ones when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated, is known as:

(SF)

Answer 12

Social Facilitation

Question 13

The tendency for people to relax when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated, such that they do worse on simple tasks but better on complex ones, is called:

(Hint: SL)

Answer 13

Social Loafing

Question 14

Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave is called:

Answer 14

social roles.

Question 15

A leader who is concerned more about getting the job done, than workers feelings or relationships, is called a:

(Hint: T-OL)

Answer 15

Task-Oriented Leader

Question 16

A means of encouraging cooperation, by at first acting cooperatively, but then always responding the way you opponent did (cooperatively or competitively) on the previous trial, is called the:

(Hint: T-f-T S)

Answer 16

Tit-for-Tat Strategy

Question 17

Leaders who set clear, short-term goals and reward people who meet them are called:

(Hint: TL)

Answer 17

Transactional Leaders

Question 18

The combined memory of 2 people is more efficient than the memory of either individual, is called:

(TM)

Answer 18

Transactional memory.

Question 19

Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals, are called:

(TL)

Answer 19

Transformational Leaders

Question 20

Why do people join groups?

Answer 20

1. The need to belong is innate.
2. Source of info about social world.
3. Gives us social identities.

Question 21

What are the 3 main ways individual behaviours change in a group setting?

Answer 21

1. Social facilitation.
2. Social loafing.
3. Deindividuation.

Question 22

What are the gender differences in social loafing?

Answer 22

Social loafing more prevalent in men than women.

Question 23

What are the cultural difference in social loafing?

Answer 23

Social loafing more prevalent Western and Asian cultures.

Question 24

Women leaders are often put in charge of work units in which the risk of failure is high. This is known as the:

Answer 24

glass cliff.

Question 25

If women leaders conform to social expectations about female gender roles, they are often perceived as having:

Answer 25

low leadership potential.

Question 26

When individuals or groups are in conflict, what 4 things determine the likelihood that this conflict will escalate or be resolved?

(Hint: STCN)

Answer 26

1. Social dilemmas.
2. Threats.
3. Communication.
4. Negotiation and bargaining.

Question 27

When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of social dilemmas?

Answer 27

People must decide whether to look out for their own interest or both parties. Creating trust is crucial in solving this kind of conflict.

Question 28

When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of using threats?

Answer 28

Using threats tends to escalate, rather than resolve conflicts.

Question 29

When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of communication?

Answer 29

Communication only resolves conflict when it promotes trust.

Question 30

When individuals or groups are in conflict, what is the effect of negotiation and bargaining?

Answer 30

If an integrative solution is used, allowing compromises to be made, conflict will be resolved.