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7: Attraction Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic principles of attraction.

We like people:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Who like us.
  2. Who satisfy out needs.
  3. Who rewards of knowing outweighs the costs.
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2
Q

When social rewards outweighs the costs, this is known as:

Hint: SAT

A

Social Exchange Theory

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3
Q

What was the results of Festinger, Schachter and Back (1950) study on proximity?

A

The closer people lived, the more friendly they were.

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4
Q

Why does proximity have an effect?

1.
2.
3.
4.

(Hint: LACE)

A
  1. Lower cost.
  2. Anticipation of interaction increases liking,
  3. Cognitive dissonance.
  4. Ease of availability.
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5
Q

Being exposed to a stimulus increases our liking of it. This is known as the:

(Hint: MEE)

A

Mere Exposure Effect

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6
Q

Why does familiarity promote liking?

1.
2.
3.
4.

(Hint: APIE)

A
  1. Assumed to be similar.
  2. Predictable.
  3. Improve recognition.
  4. Evolutionary adaptive.
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7
Q

Familiarity is effective at promoting liking if social interactions are initially _______ or ______. Liking will not occur if pre-existing _______ are intensified.

A

Familiarity is effective at promoting liking if social interactions are initially positive or neutral. Liking will not occur if pre-existing conflicts are intensified.

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8
Q

What is the main limit of the Mere Exposure Effect?

A

Too much exposure can lead to boredom.

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9
Q

What 4 types of similarities between individuals promote liking?

(Hint: AIBP)

A
  1. Attitudes
  2. Interests
  3. Background
  4. Personality
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10
Q

What was the result of Newbomb (1961) study on similarity influencing liking?

A

Similar roommates liked each others, dissimilar roommates dislike each other.

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11
Q

Choosing similar others is known as the:

Hint: MP

A

Matching Principle.

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12
Q

What were the results of Hill and Peplau (1998) study on similarity?

A

People match on a variety of attributes, but, friendship and love can transcend differences.

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13
Q

What are the 3 main reasons people prefer others who are similar to themselves?

A
  1. More rewarding.
  2. Less cognitive dissonance.
  3. More successful with similar others.
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14
Q

What are the 3 main limitations to choosing others who are similar to us?

A
  1. Differences can be rewarding.
  2. Differences allow people to pool knowledge.
  3. Can lead to echo chambers and bad decisions.
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15
Q

Evidence indicates that attractive people may be more:

A

socially skilled.

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16
Q

The most attractive faces are:
1.
2.

A
  1. average

2. symmetrical

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17
Q

What are the 3 main benefits of online dating?

A
  1. Aggregates a large number of profiles.
  2. Proves opportunities for computer-mediated communication.
  3. Matches users based on analyses of compatibility.
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18
Q

Is online dating more or less successful than ‘old fashioned’ methods?

A

Success rates are the same.

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19
Q

What is the main pitfall of online dating?

A

People providing inaccurate information on their profile.

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20
Q

What percentage of people provide inaccurate information on their profile in at least one characteristic?

A

81%

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21
Q

Who are more likely to provide inaccurate or misleading information on their online dating profile, men or women?

A

Both are equally likely.

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22
Q

According to Berscheid and Walter, what type of love strikes suddenly but fades quickly?

A

Passionate love.

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23
Q

According to Berscheid and Walter, what type of love develops slowly, forming the basis for an enduring relationship?

A

Companionate love.

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24
Q

According to Berscheid and Walter, what are the 5 qualities of passionate love?

(Hint: EUAPI)

A
  1. Emotional.
  2. Uncontrollable.
  3. Arousing.
  4. Preoccupying.
  5. Idealised.
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25
Q

According to Berscheid and Walter, what are the 4 qualities of companionate love?

(Hint: ACTT)

A
  1. Affection.
  2. Caring.
  3. Trust.
  4. Tolerance
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26
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, the 3 components that make up all relationships is:

A
  1. Intimacy.
  2. Commitment.
  3. Passion.
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27
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that only has passion is called:

A

infatuation.

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28
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that has only commitment is called:

A

empty love.

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29
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that has only intimacy is called:

A

liking.

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30
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that has intimacy and commitment is called:

A

Companionate love.

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31
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that has passion and commitment is called:

A

fatuous love.

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32
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that has passion and intimacy is called:

A

romantic love.

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33
Q

According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, a relationship that has intimacy, passion and commitment is called:

A

consummate love.

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34
Q

In infants, the primary goal of attachment is:

A

protection.

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35
Q

According to Ainsworth (1978), the 3 styles of attachment are:

A
  1. Secure
  2. Anxious/ambivalent
  3. Avoidant
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36
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, adult romantic attachment is mediated by our:

  1. 2.
A
  1. Model of self

2. Model of others

37
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a positive model of self correlates with a:

A

low set of dependence.

38
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a negative model of self correlates with a:

A

high level of dependence.

39
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a positive model of others correlates with:

A

low avoidance.

40
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a negative model of others correlates with:

A

high avoidance.

41
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a positive model of self and others leads to what type of attachment?

A

Secure.

42
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a positive model of self and negative model of others leads to what type of attachment?

A

Dismissing.

43
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a negative model of self and others leads to what type of attachment?

A

Fearful.

44
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, in adult romantic attachment, a negative model of self and positive model of others leads to what type of attachment?

A

Preoccupied.

45
Q

According to Bartholomew and Horowitz, what are the 4 types of adult romantic attachment?

(Hint: SPDF)

A
  1. Secure
  2. Preoccupied
  3. Dismissing
  4. Fearful
46
Q

In secure relationships, people are more responsive to:

A

their partners needs.

47
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of personal relationships?

A
  1. Frequent interaction over a long period of time.
  2. Many different kinds of activities.
  3. Strong mutual influence.
48
Q

According to Thibaut and Kelley, the exchange and coordination of outcomes between interdependent partners is called:

(Hint: IT)

A

Interdependence Theory

49
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, gains from an interaction is called a:

A

reward.

50
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, negative consequences of an interaction is called a:

A

cost.

51
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, the rewards minus the costs is known as the:

A

outcome.

52
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, what are the 3 standards we use to evaluate outcomes?

(Hint: PCC)

A
  1. Profitability.
  2. Comparison level.
  3. Comparison level of alternatives.
53
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, in order for relationships to work, we needs to _______ benefits for both partners.

A

According to Interdependence Theory, in order for relationships to work, we needs to maximise benefits for both partners.

54
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, when is it easiest for both partners to maximise benefits?

A

When they are similar.

55
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, what can help relationships when there is a conflict of interest?

1.
2.

A
  1. Social norms.

2. Social roles.

56
Q

Interdependence Theory:

What are the 4 main assumptions of equity theory?

(Hint: MRIP)

A
  1. Maximise outcomes.
  2. Rules foster fairness.
  3. Inequity fosters distress.
  4. People try to restore equity.
57
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, at what stage in a relationship is concerns with equity highest?

A

At the beginning of the relationship.

58
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, during a long-term relationship, when are concerns with equity raised?

A

During times of stress.

59
Q

According to Interdependence Theory, equity is less important than the:

A

absolute level of rewards.

60
Q

What sort of relationships are governed by concern for equity?

A

Exchange relationships.

61
Q

What sort of relationships are governed by concern for another’s needs?

A

Communal relationships.

62
Q

According to Clark and Mills (1979), what sort of people form exchange relationships?

1.
2.

A
  1. Strangers.

2. Casual acquaintances.

63
Q

According to Clark and Mills (1979), what sort of people form communal relationships?

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Family.
  2. Friends.
  3. Romantic partners.
64
Q

What are the 4 types of reactions to dissatisfaction in a relationship?

(Hint: VLNE)

A
  1. Voice
  2. Loyalty
  3. Neglect
  4. Exit
65
Q

The subjective evaluation of the quality of a relationship is called:

A

satisfaction.

66
Q

Forces (pos+ or neg-) that act to keep a person in a relationship is called:

A

commitment.

67
Q

Commitment in relationships is increased by:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Satisfaction.
  2. Values and morals.
  3. Barriers.
  4. Investments.
68
Q

What are the 4 reasons why dissatisfied people stay in a relationship?

A
  1. High level of investment.
  2. Lack of alternatives.
  3. Moral commitments.
  4. Low personal control.
69
Q

An attachment style characterised by a concern that others will not reciprocate one’s desires for intimacy, resulting in a higher than average level of anxiety is called:

A

Anxious/ambivalent attachment style.

70
Q

The expectations people develop about relationship with others, based on the relationship that had with their primary caregiver when they were infants is called:

A

attachment styles.

71
Q

An attachment style characterised by suppression of attachment needs because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed; people with this style find it difficult to develop intimate relationships. This is called:

A

Avoidant attachment stye.

72
Q

Relationships in which people’s primary concern is being responsive to the other persons needs is called:

A

communal relationships.

73
Q

The feeling of intimacy and affection we have for someone that are not accompanied by passion or physiological arousal, is called:

A

Companionate love.

74
Q

People’s expectations about the level of rewards and punishments they would receive in an alternative relationship, is called:

(Hint: CLoA)

A

Comparison Level of Alternatives.

75
Q

People’s expectations about the level of rewards and punishments they would receive in a particular relationship, is called:

A

Comparison level.

76
Q

The idea that people are happiest with relationships in which rewards and costs experienced, and the contributions made by both parties, are roughly equal, is called:

A

Equity theory.

77
Q

A theory derived from evolutionary biology that holds that men and women are attracted to different characteristics in each others. This is called the:

(Hint: EAtMS)

A

Evolutionary Approach to Mate Selection

78
Q

According to the Evolutionary Approach to Mate Selection, men are attracted by women’s _______, whereas, women are attracted by mens ______.

A

According to the Evolutionary Approach to Mate Selection, men are attracted by women’s appearance, whereas, women are attracted by mens resources.

79
Q

According to the Evolutionary Approach to Mate Selection, men are attracted by women’s appearance, whereas, women are attracted by mens resources.

This is because it maximised their:

A

chances of reproductive success.

80
Q

The attempt to explain behaviour in terms of genetic factors that have evolved over time, according to the the principles of natural selection, is called:

A

evolutionary psychology.

81
Q

Relationships governed by the need for equity, are called:

A

exchange relationships.

82
Q

The theory that people’s commitment to a relationship depends not only on their satisfaction with the relationship in terms of rewards, costs, comparison level and comparison level of alternatives; but also no how much they have invested in the relationship that would be lost if they left, is called the:

(Hint: IM)

A

Investment Model

83
Q

The finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it, is called the:

A

Mere exposure effect.

84
Q

An intense longing we feel for a person, accompanied by physiological arousal; when our love is reciprocated, we feel great fulfilment and ecstasy, but when it is not, we feel sadness and despair, is called:

A

passionate love.

85
Q

The finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends, is called the:

A

Propinquity effect.

86
Q

An attachment style characterised by true, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and well liked, is called a:

A

secure attachment style.

87
Q

The idea that people’s feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of rewards and costs of the relationship, the kind of relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else, is called:

(Hint: SET)

A

Social Exchange Theory

88
Q

What are the 5 main causes of attraction?

Hint: PPSRE

A
  1. Propinquity Effect.
  2. Physical attractiveness.
  3. Similarity.
  4. Reciprocal liking.
  5. Evolution and mate selection.
89
Q

What are the 2 main theories of relationship satisfaction

Hint: SET and ESET

A
  1. Social Exchange Theory.

2. Equity Social Exchange Theory

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