10: Prejudice

Question 1

Then tendency to blame individuals (make dispositional attributions) for their victimisation, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place, is called:

(Hint: BtV)

Answer 1

Blaming the Victim.

Question 2

Unjustified, negative, or harmful action toward a member of a group solely because of his membership of that group, is called:

Answer 2

discrimination.

Question 3

The tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated, is called the:

(Hint: IC)

Answer 3

Illusory Correlation

Question 4

Practices that discriminate, legally or illegally, against a minority group by virtue of its ethnicity, gender, culture, age, sexual orientation, or other target of societal or company prejudice, is called:

(Hint: ID)

Answer 4

Institutional Discrimination

Question 5

Racist attitudes held by the vase majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm, is called:

(Hint: IR)

Answer 5

Institutionalised Racism

Question 6

Sexist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm, is called:

(Hint: IS)

Answer 6

Institutionalised Sexism

Question 7

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise self-esteem of children, by placing them in small, designated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class. This is know as the:

(Hint: JC)

Answer 7

Jigsaw Classroom

Question 8

Outwardly acting unprejudiced while inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes, is called:

(Hint: MR)

Answer 8

Modern Racism

Question 9

The situation that exists when 2+ groups need to depend on one another to accomplish a goal that is important to each other them is called:

(Hint: MI)

Answer 9

Mutual Interdependence

Question 10

The tendency to go along with the group in order to fulfil the groups expectations and gain acceptance, is called:

(Hint: NC)

Answer 10

Normative Conformity

Question 11

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other (homogenous) than they really are, as well as more similar than members of the in-group are, is called:

(Hint: O-GH)

Answer 11

Out-Group Homogeneity

Question 12

A hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group, is called:

Answer 12

prejudice.

Question 13

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination, is called:

(Hint: RCT)

Answer 13

Realistic Conflict Theory

Question 14

The tendency for individuals, when frustrated or unhappy, to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, visible and relatively powerless, is called:

Answer 14

Scapegoating

Question 15

The case wherein people have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which causes that person to behave consistently with people’s original expectations, making the expectations come true. This is called the:

(Hint: S-FP)

Answer 15

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 16

A generalisation about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among its members, is called a:

Answer 16

stereotype.

Question 17

The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behaviour might confirm a cultural stereotype is called a:

(Hint: ST)

Answer 17

Stereotype Threat

Question 18

The tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people is called the:

(Hint: UAE)

Answer 18

Ultimate Attribution Error

Question 19

What are the 3 components of prejudice?

Answer 19

1. Cognitions.
2. Affections.
3. Behaviours.

Question 20

What is the cognitive component of prejudice?

Answer 20

Stereotypes.

Question 21

What phenomenon perpetuations stereotypes?

Answer 21

The illusory correlation.

Question 22

What is the affective component of prejudice?

Answer 22

Emotions.

Question 23

Why do negative emotions linger in prejudice?

Answer 23

Because logical arguments are not effective at countering emotions.

Question 24

What is the behavioural component of prejudice?

Answer 24

Discrimination.

Question 25

What discriminatory behaviours are seen in prejudice?

Answer 25

Microaggressions.

Social distancing.

Question 26

What can we use to measure implicit associations?

Hint: IAT

Answer 26

The Implicit Associations Test

Question 27

When do individuals respond with greater aggression or hostility towards a stereotypes target?

Answer 27

When they are not in full control of their conscious intentions, such as when they are are stressed, angry or have had a knock to their self-esteem.

Question 28

What are the 2 negative consequences of prejudice on its victims?

Answer 28

1. Self-fulfilling prophecies.

2. Stereotype threat anxiety.

Question 29

What 4 aspects of social life can cause prejudice?

Answer 29

1. Normative rules.
2. Social categorisation.
3. Attributional biases.
4. Economic competition.

Question 30

How can normative rules cause prejudice?

1.
2.

Answer 30

1. Normative Social Influence.

2. Institutionalised discrimination.

Question 31

How can social categorisation cause prejudice?

1.
2.

Answer 31

1. In-group and out-group bias.

2. Out-group homogeneity.

Question 32

How can attributional biases cause prejudice?

Answer 32

1. The Fundamental Attribution Error.
2. The Ultimate Attribution Error.
3. Blaming the victim.

Question 33

How can the Fundamental Attribution Error cause attributional biases that lead to prejudice?

Answer 33

We overestimate the role of dispositional forces when making sense of other’s behaviour.

Question 34

How can the Ultimate Attribution Error cause attributional biases that lead to prejudice?

Answer 34

When out-group members act non-stereotypically, we tend to make situational attributions about them, thereby, maintaining our stereotypes.

Question 35

How can the blaming the victim cause attributional biases that lead to prejudice?

Answer 35

It promotes in-group feelings of superiority, identity and legitimacy of power.

Question 36

What theory explains how economic competition leads to prejudice?

(Hint: RCT)

Answer 36

Realistic Conflict Theory

Question 37

How does Realistic Conflict Theory explain how economic competition leads to prejudice?

Answer 37

Scapegoating.

Question 38

What theory reduces prejudice?

Hint: CH

Answer 38

The Contact Hypothesis

Question 39

According to the Contact Hypothesis, what are the 6 conditions that need to be met to reduce prejudice?

(Hint: ICE MIMS)

Answer 39

1. Informal
2. Common goal
3. Equal status
4. Mutual interdependence
5. Interpersonal contact
6. Multiple contacts
7. Social norms of equality

Question 40

What setup has been shown to increase cooperation and interdependence in schools?

Answer 40

The Jigsaw Classroom.