8) General Anesthetics Flashcards
What is the class for Nitrous Oxide
Inorganic gas
What is the mechanism for Nitrous Oxide
NMDA receptor antagonist
What are the therapeutics for Nitrous Oxide
Mask induction in children; adjuvant to volatile anesthetics, opioids
What are the important side effects for Nitrous Oxide
Post-operative nausea and vomiting; inactivates vitamin B (leading to abnormal embryonic development, abortion); accumulates in closed, air-containing spaces (bowel, middle ear, pneumothoraces, air emboli) because N2O insoluble in blood
What are the miscellaneous for Nitrous Oxide
No muscle relaxation
What is the class for Isoflurane (Forane)
Volatile anesthetic
What is the mechanism for Isoflurane (Forane)
Most potent
What are the therapeutics for Isoflurane (Forane)
Gold standard for maintenance of anesthesia
What are the important side effects for Isoflurane (Forane)
Pungent; dose dependent CNS depression, increase in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure; dose dependent decrease in systemic BP, decrease in respiratory function; relaxes skeletal muscle; increase in HR; malignant hyperthermia
What is the class for Desflurane (Suprane)
Volatile anesthetic
What is the mechanism for Desflurane (Suprane)
Least soluble, least potent (allows for rapid emergence from anesthesia)
What are the therapeutics for Desflurane (Suprane)
Maintenance of anesthesia
What are the important side effects for Desflurane (Suprane)
Most pungent (airway irritation symptoms); dose dependent CNS depression, increase in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure; dose dependent decrease in systemic BP, decrease in respiratory function; relaxes skeletal muscle; increase in HR; malignant hyperthermia
What is the class for Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Volatile anesthetic
What is the mechanism for Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Less soluble, less potent (but not irritating)
What are the therapeutics for Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Mask induction in children and adults; maintenance of anesthesia
What are the important side effects for Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Can form CO if not combined with CO2 correctly; dose dependent CNS depression, increase in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure; dose dependent decrease in systemic BP, decrease in respiratory function; relaxes skeletal muscle; malignant hyperthermia
What is the class for Methohexital (Brevital)
Barbiturates
What is the mechanism for Methohexital (Brevital)
GABAa receptor agonist, antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor; produce hypnosis & sedation, but is anti-analgesic
What are the therapeutics for Methohexital (Brevital)
Induce general anesthesia
What are the miscellaneous for Methohexital (Brevital)
Redistribute from brain to muscle and fat, metabolized by liver; dosed based on lean body mass
What is the class for Propofol (Diprivan)
Alkylphenol (a fatty acid)
What is the mechanism for Propofol (Diprivan)
GABAa receptor agonist, antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor; some a2 receptor activity; rapid onset and offset
What are the therapeutics for Propofol (Diprivan)
Anti-emetic at low doses; induction and maintenance of general anesthesia; sedation in ICU, procedural sedation