5) Non-medical Drug Tox Flashcards by Aqeel Nabijohn

What is the class for Nalmefene (Revex)

Opiod antagonist

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What are the important side effects for Nalmefene (Revex)

May produce a prolonged withdrawal state (nausea, vomiting, piloerection, yawning)

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What is the class for N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Antioxidant

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What is the mechanism for N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Supplies sulfhydryl groups to glutathione; improves microcirculation, provides anti-inflammatory effect

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What are the therapeutics for N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Acetaminophen overdose

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What is the mechanism for Fomepizole (Antizol)

Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase

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What are the therapeutics for Fomepizole (Antizol)

Methanol & ethylene glycol poisoning

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What are the miscellaneous for Fomepizole (Antizol)

Very expensive

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What is the class for Cocaine

CNS stimulant

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What is the mechanism for Cocaine

Blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

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What are the therapeutics for Cocaine

Topical anesthetic, combined vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic

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What are the important side effects for Cocaine

Sympathetic effects; paranoia, aggression

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What are the miscellaneous for Cocaine

Rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase; crack is the free base form

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What is the class for LSD

Schedule I Hallucinogen

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What is the mechanism for LSD

Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist

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What are the therapeutics for LSD

Schedule I hallucinogen; model hallucinogen against which all others compared; limited studies in psychoanalysis, alcoholism, autistic children, and terminal cancer patients

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What are the important side effects for LSD

Bad trips (anxiety attack, panic attack), flashbacks, “street drug” lifestyle; no overdoses, birth defects, or chronic psychoses linked to LSD

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What are the miscellaneous for LSD

Oxidized in liver; cross tolerance with mescaline and psilocybin

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What is the class for Mescaline

Schedule I Hallucinogen

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What is the mechanism for Mescaline

Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist

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What are the miscellaneous for Mescaline

Cross tolerance with LSD and psilocybin

What is the class for Psilocybin

Schedule I Hallucinogen

What is the mechanism for Psilocybin

Agonist at 5HT2A receptors on Raphe cell body –> inhibition of Raphe Nuclei firing –> increased sensory input; partial dopamine agonist

What are the miscellaneous for Psilocybin

Cross tolerance with mescaline and LSD

What is the class for Phencyclidine (PCP)

Dissociative anesthetic

What is the mechanism for Phencyclidine (PCP)

Antagonist of ion channel associated with NDMA receptor; agonist at mu opioid receptors

What are the important side effects for Phencyclidine (PCP)

Violent behavior, coma, seizures, arrest; inexplicable psychoses

What are the other side effects for Phencyclidine (PCP)

Dissociation, confusion, ataxia, marked nystagmus

What are the miscellaneous for Phencyclidine (PCP)

Long half-life due to being highly lipid soluble and having active metabolites

What is the mechanism for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

Indirect sympathomimetic (release biologic amines from nerve terminals in periphery and in CNS); dopamine most important

What are the therapeutics for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

Narcolepsy, ADHD

What are the important side effects for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

Vasospasm leading to possible stroke or MI, arrhythmia, weight loss (anorectic effect)

What are the other side effects for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

Tremor, anxiety, irritability, confusion, possibly paranoid state

What are the miscellaneous for Amphetamines (Benzadrine)

Others: dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), methylphenidate (Ritalin)

What is the class for Marijuana (THC)

Cannabinoid

What is the mechanism for Marijuana (THC)

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

What are the therapeutics for Marijuana (THC)

Schedule I hallucinogen; anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients; analgesic for neuropathic pain; potentially: glaucoma, asthma, anxiolytic, migraine, and multiple sclerosis treatment

What are the important side effects for Marijuana (THC)

Vasodilation --> tachycardia, dilation of conjunctival vessels, bronchodilation, decreased intraocular pressure, hunger

What are the other side effects for Marijuana (THC)

May impair reproductive function in adolescents; heavy use may impair development of very young users; possible respiratory damage due to tar

What are the miscellaneous for Marijuana (THC)

Active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; metabolized by P450, with chronic use inducing enzyme; highly lipid soluble

What is the class for Anandamide

Endogenous cannabinoid

What is the mechanism for Anandamide

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

What are the therapeutics for Anandamide

Endogenous cannabinoid

What is the class for Dronabinol (Marinol)

Synthetic THC

What is the mechanism for Dronabinol (Marinol)

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

What are the therapeutics for Dronabinol (Marinol)

Schedule III drug; anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients

What is the class for Nabilone (Cesamet)

Synthetic THC

What is the mechanism for Nabilone (Cesamet)

Hits cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2: G-protein coupled receptors)

What are the therapeutics for Nabilone (Cesamet)

Schedule II drug; treatment-resistant nausea and vomiting, weight loss and anorexia in AIDS patients

What are the miscellaneous for Nabilone (Cesamet)

Less psychoactive side effects than marijuana