4) Antidepressants Flashcards
What is the class for Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
MAOI
What is the mechanism for Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Irreversibly inhibit both MAOa and MAOb
What are the therapeutics for Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Hypertensive crisis (with tyramine-rich foods); serotonin syndrome (MAOI + SSRI); agitation (rare), delerium –> seizures
What are the other side effects for Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Anticholinergic, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, sedation
What is the class for Phenelzine (Nardil)
MAOI
What is the mechanism for Phenelzine (Nardil)
Irreversibly inhibit both MAOa and MAOb
What are the therapeutics for Phenelzine (Nardil)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Phenelzine (Nardil)
Hypertensive crisis (with tyramine-rich foods); serotonin syndrome (MAOI + SSRI); agitation (rare), delerium –> seizures
What are the other side effects for Phenelzine (Nardil)
Anticholinergic, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, sedation
What is the class for Desipramine (Norpramin)
Tricyclic
What is the mechanism for Desipramine (Norpramin)
Block reuptake of NE or 5-HT at varying potencies and selectivity; also variably block muscarinic, a-adrenergic, dopamine, and histamine receptors
What are the therapeutics for Desipramine (Norpramin)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Desipramine (Norpramin)
Sympathomimetic (cardiac arrhythmias and conduction defects, especially at OD)
What are the other side effects for Desipramine (Norpramin)
Antimuscarinic, orthostatic hypotension, sedation (additive with alcohol), seizures
What are the miscellaneous for Desipramine (Norpramin)
Not very safe; rarely used anymore
What is the class for Imipramine (Tofranil)
Tricyclic
What is the mechanism for Imipramine (Tofranil)
Block reuptake of NE or 5-HT at varying potencies and selectivity; also variably block muscarinic, a-adrenergic, dopamine, and histamine receptors
What are the therapeutics for Imipramine (Tofranil)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Imipramine (Tofranil)
Sympathomimetic (cardiac arrhythmias and conduction defects, especially at OD)
What are the other side effects for Imipramine (Tofranil)
Antimuscarinic, orthostatic hypotension, sedation (additive with alcohol), seizures
What are the miscellaneous for Imipramine (Tofranil)
Not very safe; rarely used anymore; forms active metabolite (desipramine)
What is the class for Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Tricyclic
What is the mechanism for Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Block reuptake of NE or 5-HT at varying potencies and selectivity; also variably block muscarinic, a-adrenergic, dopamine, and histamine receptors
What are the therapeutics for Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism; prevention of tension headaches, migraines
What are the important side effects for Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Sympathomimetic (cardiac arrhythmias and conduction defects, especially at OD)
What are the other side effects for Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Antimuscarinic, orthostatic hypotension, sedation (additive with alcohol), seizures
What are the miscellaneous for Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Not very safe; rarely used anymore; forms active metabolite (nortriptyline)
What is the class for Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Tricyclic
What is the mechanism for Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Block reuptake of NE or 5-HT at varying potencies and selectivity; also variably block muscarinic, a-adrenergic, dopamine, and histamine receptors
What are the therapeutics for Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Sympathomimetic (cardiac arrhythmias and conduction defects, especially at OD)
What are the other side effects for Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Antimuscarinic, orthostatic hypotension, sedation (additive with alcohol), seizures
What are the miscellaneous for Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Not very safe; rarely used anymore
What is the class for Fluoxetine (Prozac)
SSRI
What is the mechanism for Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT (and NE to lesser extent)
What are the therapeutics for Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism; pre-menstrual dystrophic disorder
What are the important side effects for Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Serotonin syndrom (with MAOIs)
What are the other side effects for Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Fewer than tricyclics; mostly nausea, decreased sexual function
What are the miscellaneous for Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Potent P450 inhibitor; forms active metabolite (norfluoxetine)
What is the class for Paroxetine (Paxil)
SSRI
What is the mechanism for Paroxetine (Paxil)
Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT (and NE to lesser extent)
What are the therapeutics for Paroxetine (Paxil)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Paroxetine (Paxil)
Serotonin syndrom (with MAOIs)
What are the other side effects for Paroxetine (Paxil)
Fewer than tricyclics; mostly nausea, decreased sexual function
What are the miscellaneous for Paroxetine (Paxil)
Potent P450 inhibitor
What is the class for Sertraline (Zoloft)
SSRI
What is the mechanism for Sertraline (Zoloft)
Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT (and NE to lesser extent)
What are the therapeutics for Sertraline (Zoloft)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Sertraline (Zoloft)
Serotonin syndrom (with MAOIs)
What are the other side effects for Sertraline (Zoloft)
Fewer than tricyclics; mostly nausea, decreased sexual function
What is the class for Escitalopram (Lexapro)
SSRI
What is the mechanism for Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT (and NE to lesser extent)
What are the therapeutics for Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Serotonin syndrom (with MAOIs)
What are the other side effects for Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Fewer than tricyclics; mostly nausea, decreased sexual function
What is the class for Citalopram (Celexa)
SSRI
What is the mechanism for Citalopram (Celexa)
Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT (and NE to lesser extent)
What are the therapeutics for Citalopram (Celexa)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What are the important side effects for Citalopram (Celexa)
Serotonin syndrom (with MAOIs)
What are the other side effects for Citalopram (Celexa)
Fewer than tricyclics; mostly nausea, decreased sexual function
What is the class for Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
SNRI
What is the mechanism for Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Inhibits reuptake of 5-HT and NE
What are the therapeutics for Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What is the class for Venlafaxine (Effexor)
SNRI
What is the mechanism for Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Inhibits reuptake of 5-HT and NE
What are the therapeutics for Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What is the class for Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Atypical
What is the mechanism for Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Blocks DA and NE reuptake
What are the therapeutics for Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism; maintain nicotine abstinence in quitting smokers
What are the important side effects for Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Lowers seizure threshold
What is the class for Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Atypical
What is the mechanism for Mirtazapine (Remeron)
5HT2a antagonists; also inhibit 5HT reuptake
What are the therapeutics for Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, chronic pain, enuresis, bulimia, alcoholism
What is the mechanism for Lithium
Unknown; lithium depletes secondary messengers IP3 and DAG, important in a-adrenergic and muscarinic-cholinergic transmission
What are the therapeutics for Lithium
Anti-manic/mood-stabilizing (bipolar); long-term cluster headache prevention
What are the important side effects for Lithium
If elevated levels: neurotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, renal dysfunction
What are the other side effects for Lithium
Drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, polydipsia, polyuria
What are the miscellaneous for Lithium
Nausea and vomiting early sign of lithium OD; indomethacin and Na-depleting diuretics should be avoided (increase [Li])