8. Fromm (Humanistic Psychology)

Question 1

Basic Assumption

Answer 1

People have been removed from nature but have the self-awareness to feel isolated and homeless –> develop basic anxiety –> to escape anxiety, strive to become united with others and nature using relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity and frame of orientation

Question 2

Relatedness

Answer 2

Drives people to unite with others through submission, power or love

Question 3

Transcendence

Answer 3

Need to rise above passive existence and create or destroy life

Question 4

Rootedness

Answer 4

Need for consistent structure in life

Question 5

Sense of Identity

Answer 5

The feeling of “I”

Question 6

Frame of Orientation

Answer 6

Consistent way of viewing the world

Question 7

Mechanisms to Escape Basic Anxiety

Answer 7

Authoritarianism, destructiveness, and conformity

Question 8

Syndrome of Growth

Answer 8

In psychologically healthy people

Includes (1) positive freedom, or the spontaneous activity of a whole, integrated personality; (2) biophilia, or a passionate love of life; and (3) love for fellow humans

Question 9

Syndrome of Decay

Answer 9

Necrophilia, Malignant Narcissism, Incestuous symbiosis

Question 10

Human Dilemma

Answer 10

Human ability to reason is blessing and curse –> enables survival but must solve existential dichotomies (life/death, impossibility of self-realization, alone/isolated) of human existence, which they can only react to relative to own culture and individual personality

Question 11

Origin of Existential/Human Needs

Answer 11

Existential needs grew out of human need to find answer for existence and avoid insanity

Question 12

Authoritarianism

Answer 12

tendency to give up independence and fuse with something outside self to acquire strength

Question 13

Destructiveness

Answer 13

seeks to do away with other people, individuals or nations; develop perverted isolation

Question 14

Conformity

Answer 14

escape aloneness by giving up individuality and being what others want

Question 15

Positive Freedom

Answer 15

Solution to human dilemma –> can be attained by spontaneous full expression of rational and emotional potentialities and through love and work

Question 16

Character Orientation

Answer 16

A person’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things, a reflection of personality

Question 17

Five Character Orientations

Answer 17

(i) Receptive

(ii) Exploitative

(iii) Hoarding

(iv) Marketing

(v) Productive

Question 18

Nonproductive Orientations

Answer 18

Nonproductive in the sense that they do not move individual closer to self-realization and positive freedom

Question 19

Receptive Orientation

Answer 19

Feel source of all good is outside self, passively receives it

Question 20

Exploitative Orientation

Answer 20

Feel source of all good is outside self, aggressively takes it

Question 21

Hoarding Orientation

Answer 21

Seek to save what they have already obtained

Question 22

Productive Orientation

Answer 22

Working toward self-realization and positive freedom using productive work, love and reason

Question 23

Necrophilia

Answer 23

Love/attraction to death

Question 24

Malignant Narcissism

Answer 24

Narcissism that impedes perception of reality, excessive preoccupation with self

Question 25

Incestuous Symbiosis

Answer 25

Extreme dependence on mother/surrogate mother (e.g. family, business, church)