17. Bandura (Social Cognitive Theory)

Question 1

Criteria for Observational Learning (4)

Answer 1

(1) attention to a model, (2) organization and retention of observations, (3) behavioral production, and (4) motivation to perform the modeled behavior

Question 2

Enactive learning

Answer 2

occurs when our responses produce consequences

Question 3

triadic reciprocal causation model

Answer 3

Human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environmental events, behavior, and personal factors

Question 4

Two important environmental factors that influence people’s lives

Answer 4

Chance encounters and fortuitous events

Question 5

Human agency

Answer 5

means that people can and do exercise a measure of control over their lives

Question 6

Core Features of Human Agency (4)

Answer 6

(i) Intentionality

(ii) Forethought (planning)

(iii) Self-reactiveness (monitor progress)

(iv) Self-reflectiveness (evaluate own motives/values)

Question 7

Self-efficacy

Answer 7

people’s belief that they are capable of performing those behaviors that can produce desired outcomes in a particular situation

Question 8

Contributing factors to self-efficacy (4)

Answer 8

(i) mastery experiences (in past)

(ii) social modeling

(iii) social persuasion

(iv) physical and emotional states

Question 9

Proxy agency

Answer 9

occurs when people have the capacity to rely on others for goods and services

Question 10

Collective efficacy

Answer 10

refers to the confidence that groups of people have that their combined efforts will produce social change

Question 11

Internal factors in self-regulation

Answer 11

(1) self-observation, (2) judgmental processes, and (3) self-reaction

Question 12

External factors in self-regulation

Answer 12

(1) standards for evaluating our behavior

(2) external reinforcement in the form of rewards received from others

Question 13

How do people separate themselves from negative consequences of actions

Answer 13

(1) selective activation

(2) disengagement of internal control

Question 14

Techniques of selective activation and disengagement of internal control

Answer 14

(1) redefining behavior,

(2) displacing or diffusing responsibility,

(3) disregarding or distorting the consequences of behavior, and

(4) dehumanizing or blaming the victims for their injuries

Question 15

Cause of Dysfunctional behaviors

Answer 15

reciprocal interaction of environment, personal factors, and behavior