7. Erikson (Post-Freudian Theory)

Question 1

Epigenetic Principle

Answer 1

Each stage of development proceeds in a step-by-step manner with later growth building on earlier growth

Question 2

Components of Stages of Development

Answer 2

During each stage, opposing syntonic and dystonic attitudes interact and conflict, leading to psychosocial crisis → resolution of crisis produces a basic strength and growth, or core pathology

Question 3

Infancy

Answer 3

Mode = oral-sensory

Crisis = trust vs mistrust

Strength = hope

Pathology = withdrawal

Question 4

Early Childhood

Answer 4

Mode = anal-urethral muscular

Crisis = autonomy vs shame

Strength = will

Pathology = compulsion

Question 5

Play Age

Answer 5

Mode = genital-locomotor

Crisis = initiative vs guilt

Strength = purpose

Pathology = inhibition

Question 6

School Age

Answer 6

Mode = latency

Crisis = industry vs inferiority

Strength = competence

Pathology = inertia

Question 7

Adolescence

Answer 7

Crisis = identity vs identity confusion

Strength = fidelity

Pathology = role repudiation

Question 8

Young Adulthood

Answer 8

Mode = genitality

Crisis = intimacy vs isolation

Strength = love

Pathology = exclusivity

Question 9

Adulthood

Answer 9

Mode = procreativity

Crisis = generativity vs stagnation

Strength = care

Pathology = rejectivity

Question 10

Old Age

Answer 10

Mode = generalized sensuality

Crisis = integrity vs despair

Strength = wisdom

Pathology = disdain

Question 11

Biological or Social Factors?

Answer 11

Genetics important in personality development but ego largely shaped by society and culture

Question 12

Syntonic Elements

Answer 12

Harmonious elements

Question 13

Dystonic Elements

Answer 13

Disruptive elements

Question 14

Identity Crisis

Answer 14

A crucial period of heightened vulnerability and potential - not a catastrophic event but rather an opportunity for adaptive or maladaptive adjustment