8. Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual flow
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstrual flow
Ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy that is not in the uterus
Endometriosis
Tissue from the inner lining of the uterus occurs abnormally in other pelvic or abdominal locations
Fibroids
Benign tumours in the uterus, also called leiomyoma
Menorrhagia
Excessive discharge of blood from the uterus during menstruations
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Inflammation in the region of the pelvis, often caused by bacterial infection
Coloscopy
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope
Conization
Removal of a cone shaped section of the cervix for biopsy
Hysterosalpingography
X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes
Mammography
X-ray of he breast
Pelvic Ultrasonography
Procedure that produces an image of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
Amniocentesis
Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw fluid for chemical and chromosomal analysis
Aspiration
Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac. Fluid is analyzed for the presence of malignant cells
Pap smear
Scrapings of secretions from the cervix and vagina spread on a
glass slide to test for presence of cervical or vaginal disease
Pregnancy test
Measurement of HCG, a hormone in blood and urine that indicates pregnancy
CS
cesarean section
D&C
Dilation and curettage
DUB
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
GYN
gynecology
HRT
Hormone replacement therapy
IVF
In vitro fertilization
OB
Obstetrics
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
TAH-BSO
Total abdominal hysterectomy with
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Cervix
lower neck like portion of the uterus
Embryo
Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks
Endometrium
Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
Estrogen
hormone produced by the ovaries.
Builds up the endometrial lining
Fallopian tube
One of a pair of ducts though with the ovum travels to the uterus.
Fertilization
Union of the sperm and ovum from which the embryo develops.
Fetus
Stage in prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth.
Fimbriae
Finger like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes.
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone.
Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the ovum.
Gamete
Male of female sexual reproductive cell.
Sperm or egg cell (ovum.)
Gestation
Time period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin.
Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.
LH
Luteinizing hormone.
Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation
Ovary
One of a pair of female organs on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones.
Pituitary gland
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries. The pituitary gland also regulates other endocrine organs.
Placenta
vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. It permits the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetus.
Progesterone
Hormone produced but eh corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of a pregnant women.
Uterus
Hollow pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop.
Vagina
Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from uterus tot he exterior of the body
Vulva
External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris and the vaginal oriface.
Abruptio placentae
Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta.
This is an emergency situation.
Placenta previa
Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
Preeclampsia
Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema and heachache.
HDN
Hemolytic disease in the newborn.
Destruction of red blood cells in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between mother and fetus.
Cesarean section
C section
Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.
Amnion
Innermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus
Areola
Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
Bartholin glands
Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice
Chorion
Outermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus;]] it forms part of the placenta
Gestation
Time period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
Gonad
Female or make reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
Gynecology
Study of female reproductive organs, including the breasts
Hymen
Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
Labia
Lips of the vagina, labia majora are the larger, outermost lips and the labia minora are the smaller innermost lips
Lactiferous ducts
Tubes that carry milk from the mammary glands and the nipple
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation
Menarche
Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
Menopause
Gradual ending of menstruation
Menstruation
Monthly shedding of the uterine lining.
Myometrium
Muscle layer of the uterus.
Neonatology
Study of the medical care of the newborn (neonate)
Obstetrics
Branch of medicine and surgery concerned with pregnancy and childbirth.
Orifice
an opening
Ovarian follicle
Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman’s lifetime.
Ovulation
Release of the ovum from the ovary
Perineum
In females, the area between the anus and the vagina
Zygote
Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks.
amni/o
amnion
cervic/o
cervix, neck
chori/o
Chorion/o
Chorion
colp/o
vagina
episi/o
vulva
galact/o
milk
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o
uterus, womb
lact/o
milk
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o
metri/o
uterus
my/o
myom/o
muscle, muscle tumour
nat/i
birth
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
o/o
egg
oophor/o
ovary
ov/o
egg
ovari/o
ovary
ovul/o
egg
perine/o
perineum
phor/o
to bear
salping/o
fallopian tubes
uter/o
uterus
vagin/o
vagina
vulv/o
vulva
-arche
beginning
-cyesis
pregnancy
-gravida
pregnant
-parous
bearing, bringing forth
-rrhea
discharge
-salpinx
fallopian tube
-tocia
labour, birth
-version
act of turning
dys-
painful
endo-
within
in-
in
intra-
within
multi-
many
nulli-
no, not, none
pre-
before
primi-
first
retro-
backward
