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Medical Terminology > 7 Urinary System > Flashcards

7 Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albuminuria

A

Abnormal condition of protein in the urine

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2
Q

anuria

A

abnormal condition of no urine production

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3
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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4
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal condition of glucose in the urine

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5
Q

hematuria

A

abnormal condition of blood in the urine

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6
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the kidney

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7
Q

renal failure

A

Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine

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8
Q

uremia

A

Condition of high levels of urea in blood

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9
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood

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10
Q

Creatinine

A

Used to evaluate renal function

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11
Q

Urography

A

X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material

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12
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Visual examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope

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13
Q

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB)

A

X-ray image of the kidneys and urinary tract without the use of contrast

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14
Q

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

A

Contrast material injected via catheter into the urethra and bladder and x-rays are taken

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15
Q

Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

A

X-rays of the bladder and urethra are taken after the bladder is filled with contrast material and while the patient is voiding urine

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16
Q

ARF

A

Acute Renal Failure

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17
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

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18
Q

CAPD

A

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

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19
Q

CKD

A

Chronic kidney disease

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20
Q

CRF

A

Chronic renal failure

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21
Q

HD

A

Hemodialysis

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22
Q

KUB

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

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23
Q

RP

A

Retrograde pyelogram

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24
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

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25
Q

UTI

A

Urinary tract infection

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26
Q

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

This is a product of muscle metabolism.

A

Creatinine

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27
Q

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
These are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys have a role in maintaining proper balance of these chemical elements as well as water.

A

electrolytes

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28
Q

One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine.

A

Kidney

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29
Q

Functional unit of the kidney. It is a combinations of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

A

nephron

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30
Q

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

A

Glomerulus

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31
Q

Outer region of an organ

A

Cortex

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32
Q

Tube for injecting or removing fluids.

A

Catheter

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33
Q

Inner region of an organ

A

Medulla

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34
Q

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. This electrolyte is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

A

Potassium (K+)

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35
Q

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

A

Renal artery

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36
Q

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine if formed after filtration.

A

Renal tubule

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37
Q

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for the proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions.

A

Sodium (Na+)

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38
Q

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

A

Urea

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39
Q

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureter

40
Q

Uric acid

A

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

41
Q

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

A

Urinary bladder

42
Q

Urination

voiding

A

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition

43
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

44
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

45
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

46
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

47
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

48
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

49
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

50
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

51
Q

creatinine clearance

A

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

52
Q

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.
This is used to treat renal failure.

A

Dialysis

53
Q

arteriole

A

Small artery

54
Q

calciferol

A

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

55
Q

Calyx (or calix)

plural: calyces or calices

A

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.

56
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells

57
Q

filtration

A

Process whereby some substances but not all, pass through a filter

58
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. Also know as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

59
Q

Glomerulus

A

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.

60
Q

Hilum

A

Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

61
Q

Medulla

A

Inner region of an organ

62
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

63
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

Substances containing nitrogen and excreted in the urine. Examples are urea, uric acid, and creatinine.

64
Q

Reabsorption

A

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

65
Q

Renal artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

66
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Central collection region in the kidney

67
Q

Renal tubule

A

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

68
Q

Renal vein

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.

69
Q

Renin

A

Enzymes secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)

70
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular are in the urinary bladder

71
Q

Urea

A

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

72
Q

Ureter

A

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder

73
Q

Urethra

A

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

74
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

75
Q

Urination (voiding)

A

Process of expelling urine, also called micturition

76
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

77
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

78
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

79
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

80
Q

lith/o

A

stone

81
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

82
Q

noct/o

A

night

83
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

84
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

85
Q

py/o

A

pus

86
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

87
Q

ur/o-

A

urine (urea)

88
Q

urin/o

A

urine

89
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine collection

90
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

91
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine

92
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma. (The parenchyma of an organ is its essential and distinctive tissue. Nephrons make up the renal parenchyma)

93
Q

Renal failure

A

Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function.

94
Q

Renal hypertension

A

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.

95
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

96
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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