7 Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
albuminuria
A
Abnormal condition of protein in the urine
2
Q
anuria
A
abnormal condition of no urine production
3
Q
dysuria
A
painful urination
4
Q
glycosuria
A
abnormal condition of glucose in the urine
5
Q
hematuria
A
abnormal condition of blood in the urine
6
Q
nephrolithiasis
A
abnormal condition of stones in the kidney
7
Q
renal failure
A
Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine
8
Q
uremia
A
Condition of high levels of urea in blood
9
Q
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
A
Measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood
10
Q
Creatinine
A
Used to evaluate renal function
11
Q
Urography
A
X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material
12
Q
Cystoscopy
A
Visual examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope
13
Q
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB)
A
X-ray image of the kidneys and urinary tract without the use of contrast
14
Q
Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)
A
Contrast material injected via catheter into the urethra and bladder and x-rays are taken
15
Q
Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
A
X-rays of the bladder and urethra are taken after the bladder is filled with contrast material and while the patient is voiding urine
16
Q
ARF
A
Acute Renal Failure
17
Q
BUN
A
Blood Urea Nitrogen
18
Q
CAPD
A
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
19
Q
CKD
A
Chronic kidney disease
20
Q
CRF
A
Chronic renal failure
21
Q
HD
A
Hemodialysis
22
Q
KUB
A
Kidneys, ureters, bladder
23
Q
RP
A
Retrograde pyelogram
24
Q
UA
A
Urinalysis
25
UTI
Urinary tract infection
26
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
| This is a product of muscle metabolism.
Creatinine
27
Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
These are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys have a role in maintaining proper balance of these chemical elements as well as water.
electrolytes
28
One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine.
Kidney
29
Functional unit of the kidney. It is a combinations of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
nephron
30
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
Glomerulus
31
Outer region of an organ
Cortex
32
Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
Catheter
33
Inner region of an organ
Medulla
34
Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. This electrolyte is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
Potassium (K+)
35
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
Renal artery
36
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine if formed after filtration.
Renal tubule
37
Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for the proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity and other metabolic functions.
Sodium (Na+)
38
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
Urea
39
One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Ureter
40
Uric acid
Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
41
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
Urinary bladder
42
Urination
| voiding
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition
43
cyst/o
urinary bladder
44
glomerul/o
glomerulus
45
nephr/o
kidney
46
pyel/o
renal pelvis
47
ren/o
kidney
48
ureter/o
ureter
49
urethr/o
urethra
50
vesic/o
urinary bladder
51
creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
52
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.
This is used to treat renal failure.
Dialysis
53
arteriole
Small artery
54
calciferol
active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney
55
Calyx (or calix)
| plural: calyces or calices
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
56
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells
57
filtration
Process whereby some substances but not all, pass through a filter
58
Glomerular capsule
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. Also know as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
59
Glomerulus
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.
60
Hilum
Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
61
Medulla
Inner region of an organ
62
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.
63
Nitrogenous waste
Substances containing nitrogen and excreted in the urine. Examples are urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
64
Reabsorption
Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
65
Renal artery
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
66
Renal pelvis
Central collection region in the kidney
67
Renal tubule
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
68
Renal vein
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
69
Renin
Enzymes secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
70
Trigone
Triangular are in the urinary bladder
71
Urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
72
Ureter
One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder
73
Urethra
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
74
Urinary bladder
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
75
Urination (voiding)
Process of expelling urine, also called micturition
76
bacteri/o
bacteria
77
dips/o
thirst
78
kal/i
potassium
79
ket/o, keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
80
lith/o
stone
81
natr/o
sodium
82
noct/o
night
83
olig/o
scanty
84
-poietin
substance that forms
85
py/o
pus
86
-tripsy
crushing
87
ur/o-
urine (urea)
88
urin/o
urine
89
-uria
urination; urine collection
90
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
91
Nephrotic syndrome
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine
92
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma. (The parenchyma of an organ is its essential and distinctive tissue. Nephrons make up the renal parenchyma)
93
Renal failure
Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function.
94
Renal hypertension
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.
95
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
96
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
