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Medical Terminology > 5 & 6 Digestive System > Flashcards

5 & 6 Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream?

A

Absorption

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2
Q

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested?

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch.

A

Amylase

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4
Q

Terminal end or opening end of digestive tract to the outside of the body.

A

Anus

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5
Q

Blind pouch hanging from cecum in the RLQ

A

Appendix

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6
Q

Digestive juice stored in the gall bladder that breaks up fat.
This digestive juice is made in the liver.

A

Bile

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7
Q

Pigment released by the liver in bile.

A

Bilirubin

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8
Q

Intestine

A

Bowel

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9
Q

First part of the large intestine.

A

Cecum

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10
Q

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments.

A

Colon

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11
Q

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

A

Common bile duct

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12
Q

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.

A

Defecation

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13
Q

Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by enamel.

A

Dentin

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14
Q

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.

A

Digestion

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15
Q

First part of the small intestine.

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

Removal of materials from the body

A

Elimination

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17
Q

Breaking up of large fat globules into smaller globules

A

Emulsification

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18
Q

Hard outer layer of a tooth

A

Enamel

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19
Q

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.

A

Enzyme

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20
Q

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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21
Q

Solid wastes, stool

A

Feces

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22
Q

Small sac under the liver that stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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23
Q

Simple sugar

A

Glucose

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24
Q

Starch; glucose in stored form in liver cell

A

Glycogen

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25
Q

Strong acid produced in stomach that aids in digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid

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26
Q

Any one of the front four teeth

A

Incisors

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27
Q

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It helps transport sugar into the body cells

A

Insulin

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28
Q

Second part of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

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29
Q

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

A

Lipase

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30
Q

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
This organ secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins.

A

Liver

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31
Q

Ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach.

A

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Cardiac sphincter

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32
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

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33
Q

Three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth on either side of the dental arch.

A

Molar teeth

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34
Q

Roof of the mouth

A

Palate

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35
Q

Organ behind the stomach that produces insulin and enzymes.

A

Pancreas

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36
Q

Small projections on the tongue.

A

Papillae

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37
Q

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.

A

Parotid gland

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38
Q

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs (e.g. intestines)

A

Peristalsis

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39
Q

Throat, the common pathway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose.

A

Pharynx

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40
Q

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

A

Portal vein

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41
Q

Enzyme that digests proteins

A

Protease

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42
Q

Soft tissue within the teeth containing nerves and blood vessels.

A

Pulp

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43
Q

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.

A

Pyloric sphincter

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44
Q

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.

A

Pylorus

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45
Q

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon to the anus.

A

Rectum

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46
Q

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.

A

Rugae

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47
Q

Digestive juice containing amylase produced by salivary glands.

A

Saliva

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48
Q

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands

A

Salivary glands

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49
Q

Lower S shaped segment of colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.

A

Sigmoid colon

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50
Q

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

A

Sphincter

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51
Q

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.

A

Stomach

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52
Q

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol.

A

Triglycerides

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53
Q

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.

A

Uvula

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54
Q

an/o

A

anus

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55
Q

append/o

appendic/o

A

appendix

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56
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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57
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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58
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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59
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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60
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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61
Q

col/o

A

colon

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62
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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63
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

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64
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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65
Q

enter/o

A

intestines, usually small intestine

66
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

67
Q

faci/o

A

face

68
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

69
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

70
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

71
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

72
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

73
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

74
Q

labi/o

A

lip

75
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

76
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

77
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw, mandible

78
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

79
Q

or/o

A

mouth

80
Q

palat/o

A

palate

81
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

82
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

83
Q

phanryng/o

A

throat

84
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

85
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter

86
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

87
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

88
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

89
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

90
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

91
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

92
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin (bile pigment)

93
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

94
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

95
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

96
Q

glycogen/o

A

glycogen, animal starch

97
Q

lip/o

A

fat, lipid

98
Q

lith/o

A

stone

99
Q

prote/o

A

protein

100
Q

py/o

A

pus

101
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

102
Q

steat/o

A

fat

103
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

104
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of wastes

105
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

106
Q

-prandial

A

meal

107
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

108
Q

ascities

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the the abdomen

109
Q

constipation

A

Difficulty in passing feces (stools)

110
Q

Diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

111
Q

dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

112
Q

Jaundice (icterus)

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of eyes caused by high bilirubin in blood

113
Q

melena

A

Black, tarry stools. Feces containing digested blood.

114
Q

nausea

A

Feeling like you want to vomit (throw up).

115
Q

steatorrhea

A

Fat in the stools (feces)

116
Q

periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone.

117
Q

dental caries

A

Tooth decay

118
Q

esophageal varices

A

Swollen varicose veins at lower end of the esophagus

119
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.

Heartburn

120
Q

hernia

A

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.

121
Q

peptic ulcer

A

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

122
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

123
Q

diverticulosis

A

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

124
Q

dysentry

A

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

125
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

126
Q

ileus

A

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

127
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.

128
Q

volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestines on itself.

129
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Group of GI symptomes including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation without abnormalities in the intestines.

130
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

131
Q

cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

132
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Liver cancer

133
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

134
Q

viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

135
Q

-ectasis, -ectasia

A

dilation, widening

136
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

137
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

138
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

139
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

140
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

141
Q
  • rrhage,

- rrhagia

A

bursting forth of blood

142
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

143
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

144
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

145
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, tightening

146
Q

-tresia

A

opening

147
Q

amylase and lipase tests

A

Test for the levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood.
Increased levels are associated with pancreatitis.

148
Q

liver function tests (LFTs)

A

Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood.
Examples of LFTs:
ALT (alanine transaminase)
AST (aspartate transaminase)
Alkaline phosphatase (alk phos)
Bilirubin (direct-measures conjugated bili and indirect-measures unconjugated bilirubin)

149
Q

stool culture

A

Test for microorganisms present in feces.

150
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

barium enema

A

X-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum.

151
Q

upper gastrointestinal series

A

X-ray images of the esophagus, stomach and small intestines obtained after administering barium by mouth

152
Q

cholangiography

A

X-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts.

153
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

A series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)

154
Q

ultrasound

A

Use of sound waves to produce images

155
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Magnetic waves produced images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

156
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

157
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

158
Q

IBS

A

Inflammatory Bowl Syndrome

159
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth (nil per os)

160
Q

TPN

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition (IV solutions are given to maintain nutrition)

161
Q

Hemoccult test

aka guaiac test

A

Feces is smeared on special chemical paper that reacts
with hidden blood. This test is used to screen for colon
cancer

162
Q

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an

endoscope

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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