5 & 6 Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream?
A
Absorption
2
Q
Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested?
A
Amino acids
3
Q
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch.
A
Amylase
4
Q
Terminal end or opening end of digestive tract to the outside of the body.
A
Anus
5
Q
Blind pouch hanging from cecum in the RLQ
A
Appendix
6
Q
Digestive juice stored in the gall bladder that breaks up fat.
This digestive juice is made in the liver.
A
Bile
7
Q
Pigment released by the liver in bile.
A
Bilirubin
8
Q
Intestine
A
Bowel
9
Q
First part of the large intestine.
A
Cecum
10
Q
Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments.
A
Colon
11
Q
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
A
Common bile duct
12
Q
Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.
A
Defecation
13
Q
Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by enamel.
A
Dentin
14
Q
Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
A
Digestion
15
Q
First part of the small intestine.
A
Duodenum
16
Q
Removal of materials from the body
A
Elimination
17
Q
Breaking up of large fat globules into smaller globules
A
Emulsification
18
Q
Hard outer layer of a tooth
A
Enamel
19
Q
Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.
A
Enzyme
20
Q
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach
A
Esophagus
21
Q
Solid wastes, stool
A
Feces
22
Q
Small sac under the liver that stores bile
A
Gallbladder
23
Q
Simple sugar
A
Glucose
24
Q
Starch; glucose in stored form in liver cell
A
Glycogen
25
Strong acid produced in stomach that aids in digestion
Hydrochloric acid
26
Any one of the front four teeth
Incisors
27
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It helps transport sugar into the body cells
Insulin
28
Second part of the small intestine
Jejunum
29
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
Lipase
30
Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
This organ secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins.
Liver
31
Ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach.
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Cardiac sphincter
32
Chewing
Mastication
33
Three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth on either side of the dental arch.
Molar teeth
34
Roof of the mouth
Palate
35
Organ behind the stomach that produces insulin and enzymes.
Pancreas
36
Small projections on the tongue.
Papillae
37
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
Parotid gland
38
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs (e.g. intestines)
Peristalsis
39
Throat, the common pathway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose.
Pharynx
40
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
Portal vein
41
Enzyme that digests proteins
Protease
42
Soft tissue within the teeth containing nerves and blood vessels.
Pulp
43
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.
Pyloric sphincter
44
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.
Pylorus
45
Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon to the anus.
Rectum
46
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
Rugae
47
Digestive juice containing amylase produced by salivary glands.
Saliva
48
Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands
Salivary glands
49
Lower S shaped segment of colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.
Sigmoid colon
50
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
Sphincter
51
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
Stomach
52
Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol.
Triglycerides
53
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
Uvula
54
an/o
anus
55
append/o
| appendic/o
appendix
56
bucc/o
cheek
57
cec/o
cecum
58
cheil/o
lip
59
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
60
choledoch/o
common bile duct
61
col/o
colon
62
colon/o
colon
63
dent/i
tooth
64
duoden/o
duodenum
65
enter/o
intestines, usually small intestine
66
esophag/o
esophagus
67
faci/o
face
68
gastr/o
stomach
69
gingiv/o
gums
70
gloss/o
tongue
71
hepat/o
liver
72
ile/o
ileum
73
jejun/o
jejunum
74
labi/o
lip
75
lapar/o
abdomen
76
lingu/o
tongue
77
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
78
odont/o
tooth
79
or/o
mouth
80
palat/o
palate
81
pancreat/o
pancreas
82
peritone/o
peritoneum
83
phanryng/o
throat
84
proct/o
anus and rectum
85
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
86
rect/o
rectum
87
sialaden/o
salivary gland
88
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
89
uvul/o
uvula
90
amyl/o
starch
91
bil/i
gall, bile
92
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
93
chol/e
gall, bile
94
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
95
gluc/o
sugar
96
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
97
lip/o
fat, lipid
98
lith/o
stone
99
prote/o
protein
100
py/o
pus
101
sial/o
saliva, salivary
102
steat/o
fat
103
-ase
enzyme
104
-chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
105
-iasis
abnormal condition
106
-prandial
meal
107
anorexia
lack of appetite
108
ascities
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the the abdomen
109
constipation
Difficulty in passing feces (stools)
110
Diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
111
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
112
Jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of eyes caused by high bilirubin in blood
113
melena
Black, tarry stools. Feces containing digested blood.
114
nausea
Feeling like you want to vomit (throw up).
115
steatorrhea
Fat in the stools (feces)
116
periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone.
117
dental caries
Tooth decay
118
esophageal varices
Swollen varicose veins at lower end of the esophagus
119
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
| Heartburn
120
hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.
121
peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
122
Crohn's disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
123
diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
124
dysentry
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
125
hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
126
ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
127
ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
128
volvulus
Twisting of the intestines on itself.
129
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Group of GI symptomes including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation without abnormalities in the intestines.
130
cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
131
cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
132
hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer
133
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
134
viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
135
-ectasis, -ectasia
dilation, widening
136
-emesis
vomiting
137
-pepsia
digestion
138
-phagia
eating, swallowing
139
-plasty
surgical repair
140
-ptysis
spitting
141
- rrhage,
| - rrhagia
bursting forth of blood
142
-rrhaphy
suture
143
-rrhea
flow, discharge
144
-stasis
stopping, controlling
145
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
146
-tresia
opening
147
amylase and lipase tests
Test for the levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood.
Increased levels are associated with pancreatitis.
148
liver function tests (LFTs)
Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood.
Examples of LFTs:
ALT (alanine transaminase)
AST (aspartate transaminase)
Alkaline phosphatase (alk phos)
Bilirubin (direct-measures conjugated bili and indirect-measures unconjugated bilirubin)
149
stool culture
Test for microorganisms present in feces.
150
lower gastrointestinal series
| barium enema
X-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum.
151
upper gastrointestinal series
X-ray images of the esophagus, stomach and small intestines obtained after administering barium by mouth
152
cholangiography
X-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts.
153
computed tomography (CT)
A series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)
154
ultrasound
Use of sound waves to produce images
155
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic waves produced images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
156
GI
Gastrointestinal
157
IBD
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
158
IBS
Inflammatory Bowl Syndrome
159
NPO
Nothing by mouth (nil per os)
160
TPN
Total Parenteral Nutrition (IV solutions are given to maintain nutrition)
161
Hemoccult test
| aka guaiac test
Feces is smeared on special chemical paper that reacts
with hidden blood. This test is used to screen for colon
cancer
162
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an
| endoscope
