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OS3 Exam 1 > (8) Compression Neuropathy > Flashcards

(8) Compression Neuropathy Flashcards

1
Q

What is neuropathy?

A

Functional or physiological changes in the PNS

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2
Q

What is compression neuropathy?

A

Process where a nerve becomes entrapped as it passes through a narrow tunnel or passage

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3
Q

What are (4) categories of biomechanical causes of neuropathy?

A

Space occupying lesions

Degenerative causes

Post-traumatic causes

Mechanical

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4
Q

What are 3 major systemic causes of neuropathy?

A

Pregnancy

Hypothyroidism

Diabetes

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5
Q

What is a MAJOR pathologic change associated with chronic neuropathy?

A

Ischemia

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6
Q

What is the best and worst form of nerve injury? (Classification)

A

1st degree (neurpraxia) = Least severe

5th degree = Most severe

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7
Q

1st degree nerve injury

aka?

A

Neuropraxia

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8
Q

2nd degree nerve injury

aka?

A

Axonotmesis

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9
Q

3rd-5th degree nerve injury

aka?

A

Neurotmesis

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10
Q

Where are the 3 sites for entrapment for the radial nerve?

A
  1. High on the humerus
  2. Radial tunnel
  3. Wrist
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11
Q

Anterior interosseous syndrome is caused by the ________ n.

A

Anterior interosseous syndrome is caused by the median n.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms associated with anterior interosseous syndrome?

A

NO SENSORY SYMPTOMS

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13
Q

What test can you use to identify anterior interosseous syndrome?

A

“OK” sign –> Patient is unable to hold and resist tip to tip of the thumb to index pinch

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of ulnar nerve entrapment?

A

Parasthesia to the 4th and 5th digits

Medial elbow pain radiating to the hand w/ decreased intrinsic muscle strength

(+) Tinel’s sign at elbow

Symptoms reproduced w/ elbow flexion and wrist extension

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15
Q

What test do you use to identify cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Froment’s sign

Pt must flex thumb in order to pinch paper b/w 1st and 2nd digits

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16
Q

What is the most common compression syndrome?

A

Median nerve entrapment

17
Q

What are the symptoms of median nerve entrapment?

A

Nighttime numbness of lateral 3 1/2 digits

Tingling

Wrist pain

Dropping things

Thenar atropy

18
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing median nerve entrapment?

A

EMG

19
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels

20
Q

What are the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Weakness

Paresthesia of medial arm, forearm and hand

21
Q

What are 4 tests you can perform to find thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

EAST Test/Roos test

Military/Costoclavicular maneuver

Adson’s test

Wright’s HyperABduction Test

22
Q

What nerve is involved in meralgia paresthetica?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

23
Q

Etiology of meralgia paresthetica?

A

Very intense athletics

Obesity

Tight girdle/belt/clothing

Seat belt misplacement or post accident

Anatomic anomaly

24
Q

Symptoms of meralgia paresthetica?

A

Numbess or burning pain on anterolateral thigh

Hyperesthesia to the point of not putting anything in pockets

Trophic skin changes

(+) Tinnel’s sign 1cm medial and inferior to the ASIS

25
Q

What is common fibular nerve compression?

A

Compression as nerve winds around the fibular neck and enters the fibular tunnel

26
Q

Etiology of common fibular n. compression?

A

Leg hooked over a rail (bedridden, comatose)

Ankle sprains

Trauma to fibular head

New meditators (due to lotus position)

Idiopathic

27
Q

What is the other name for common fibular n. compression?

A

Strawberry pickers palsy

28
Q

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of posterior tibial n. in the tarsal tunnel behind the medial malleolus with the overlying flexor retinaculum

29
Q

Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Pain on plantar surface of foot

30
Q

What nerve is affected with anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Deep fibular nerve

31
Q

What is anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Deep fibular nerve is compressed at the inferior extensor retinaculum

32
Q

Symptoms of anterior tarsal syndrome?

A

Pain over dorsomedial aspect of foot

Weakness of extensor digitorum brevis

33
Q

Etiology of anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Trauma

Talonavicular dysfunction

Prolonged plantar flexion

Compression from shoes

34
Q
A

OS3 Exam 1 (14 decks)

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