(5) [DSA] Cardio-Pulm Flashcards
Scoliosis is a _____ consideration in a cardiopulmonary patient
Biomechanical
What are the Cobb classifications used for? What are they?
Scoliosis classification
- Mild - 5-15 degrees
- Moderate - 20-45 degrees
- Severe - >50 degrees
What is the Cobb angle formed by?
Intersection of a line parallel to the superior end plate of the most CEPHALAD vertebra with the line parallel to the inferior end plate of the most CAUDAD vertebra of the curv
Respiratory function is compromised if the Cobb angle is ___
>50 degrees
Pulmonary edema, ascites, hepatomegaly, and peripheral edema are consequences of impaired _____
Lymphatics
The thoracic duct is under ______ control, which can affect lymphatic flow how?
Sympathetic control
Hypersympathetic tone => decreased lymphatic flow
Sympathetic innervation of the heart
Preganglionic axons come from where? Synapse on what?
Interomediolateral column of T1-T6
Synapse on corresponding upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia and cervical ganglia
Sympathetic innervation of the heart
Postganglionic fibers form what?
Sympathetic cardiac nerves => converge at the cardiac plexus
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart
Preganglionic axons from where?
Dorsal nucleus of the Vagus N.
Nucleus ambiguus => synapse on cardiac plexus
Cholinergic and adrenergic passing through the cardiac plexus are most strongly concentrated where?
SA and AV nodes
Sympathetic fibers have what effect on HR and coronary artery?
Increased HR
Coronary artery dilation
Parasympathetic fibers have what effect on HR and coronary artery?
Decreased HR
Coronary artery constriction
Sympathetic hyperactivity at the SA node has what effect?
Right vagal hyperactivity at the SA node has what effect?
Sympathetic hyperactivity at the AV node has what effect?
Left vagal hyperactivity at the AV node has what effect?
Smooth muscle tone of the airways is predominantly _____
Parasympathetic
Cholinergic (M3) innervation controls what pulmonary responses?
Bronchoconstriction
Mucus secretion
Bronchial vasodilation
______ innervation controls bronchodilation
Non-cholinergic (NO and VIP)
Still parasympathetic
Anterior/Posterior chapman’s points for myocardium?
A: 2nd ICS along sternal border
P: Intertransverse space b/w T2-3