(3) ANS and Lymphatic System

Question 1

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Involuntary neural control of body functions regulated by the hypothalamus, limbic system and brainstem

Question 2

What is the anatomic backing for the osteopathic approach to treating viceralsomatic reflexes?

Answer 2

Nearly every interneuron that recieves input from a visceral nociceptor also receives input from a somatic source

***There is NO evidence for any ascending pathway that ONLY transmits visceral signals from the spinal cord to the brain

Question 3

Which cranial nerves are involved with the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 3

III, VII, IX, X

S2-S4

Question 4

Which spinal levels correlate with sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

T1-T12

L1-L2

Question 5

What are the VS levels for the head/neck?

Answer 5

T1-T5

Question 6

What are the VS levels for the heart?

Answer 6

T1-T6

Question 7

What are the VS levels for the lungs?

Answer 7

T1-T7

Question 8

What are the VS levels for the upper GI?

Answer 8

T5-T10

Question 9

What are the VS levels for the small intestine/ascending colon?

Answer 9

T9-T11

Question 10

What are the VS levels for the ascending and transverse colon?

Answer 10

T10-L2

Question 11

What are the VS levels for the descending and sigmoid colon/rectum?

Answer 11

T12-L2

Question 12

What are the VS levels for the adrenal?

Answer 12

T5-T10

Question 13

What are the VS levels for the genitourinary tract (includes bladder)?

Answer 13

T10-L2

Question 14

What are the VS levels for the ureter (upper/lower)?

Answer 14

Upper = T10-T11

Lower = T12-L2

Question 15

What are the VS levels for the extremities (upper/lower)?

Answer 15

Upper = T2-T7

Lower = T11-L2

Question 16

What nerve supplies the PARASYMPATHETIC innervation to the heart, lungs esophagus, upper GI, small intestine, kidneys, ascending/transverse colon, upper ureter?

Answer 16

Vaugs n. (OA, AA)

Question 17

What nerve supplies the PARASYMPATHETIC innervation to the colon, rectum, reproductive organs, bladder, pelvis, lower ureter?

Answer 17

Pelvic Splanchnic n.

S2-S4 sacrum

Question 18

What is the key transition point in structures b/w the vagus n. and pelvic splanchnic n. for the parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 18

Upper ureter = Vagus n.

Lower ureter = Pelvic splanchnic n.

Just remember this, and everything above/below it corresponds to that nerve yay..

Question 19

What are the 4 types of reflexes?

Answer 19

Somatosomatic

Viscerovisceral

Somatovisceral

Viscerosomatic

Question 20

Define:

Sensitization

Answer 20

Progressive amplification of a response follows repeated administrations of a stimulus

Question 21

Define:

Habituation

Answer 21

Decrease in a response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to the stimulus over time

“tune out” what isn’t important

Question 22

Define Allostasis

Answer 22

Process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis

Question 23

Define Homeostasis

Answer 23

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements

Question 24

The majority of the body is drained by the _________ duct

The remainder is drained by the __________ duct

Answer 24

The majority of the body is drained by the THORACIC duct

The remainder is drained by the LYMPHATIC duct

Question 25

What are considered compensated zinks patterns?

What are considered UNcompensated zinks patterns?

Answer 25