8 - Cervical cancer

Question 1

main cause of cervical cancer?

Answer 1

infection with Papilloma viruses (HPV)

Question 2

common result of cervical cancer being missed and not treated?

Answer 2

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 3

how common is cervical cancer in women?

Answer 3

10th commonest cancer in UK for women

Question 4

peak age for cervical cancer?

Answer 4

45-55 years old

Question 5

name 5 risk factors for cervical cancer?

Answer 5

HPV related

Multiple sexual partners

Early age at first intercourse

Older age of partner

Cigarette smoking

Question 6

relationship between deprivation and cervical cancer?

Answer 6

patient is more at risk the more deprived they are

Question 7

5 symptoms of cervical cancer?

Answer 7

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

Post coital bleeding

Intermenstrual bleeding/PMB

Discharge

Pain

Question 8

what is key to understand about cervical screenings?

Answer 8

they are used to detect PRE-CANCEROUS disease, NOT CANCER

Question 9

how do the tumour cells. infiltrate?

Answer 9

they invade into the underlying stroma

Question 10

80% of cervical cancers?

Answer 10

squamous carcinoma

Question 11

what is adenocarcinoma AKA?

Answer 11

endocervical

Question 12

describe stage IA1 of cervical cancer?

Answer 12

≤ 3 mm depth and ≤7 mm diameter

Question 13

describe stage IA2 of cervical cancer?

Answer 13

≤ 5 mm x7 mm

Question 14

describe stage IB of cervical cancer?

Answer 14

clinical tumours confined to the cervix

Question 15

describe the 3 stages of local spread of cervical cancer?

Answer 15

stage 2: Vagina (upper 2/3)

Stage 3: lower vagina & pelvis

Stage 4 bladder & rectum

Question 16

describe the lymphatic spread of cervical cancer?

Answer 16

via pelvic nodes

Question 17

describe the blood spread of cervical cancer?

Answer 17

liver

lungs

bone

Question 18

2 imaging techniques to determine cervical cancer staging?

Answer 18

PET-CT

MRI

Question 19

treatment of stage IA1 cervical cancer?

Answer 19

Type 3 Excision of the cervical TZ
OR
hysterectomy

Question 20

treatment of stage IB cervical cancer?

Answer 20

Radical hysterectomy
OR
chemo-radiotherapy

Question 21

treatment of stage 11B-1V cervical cancer?

Answer 21

Chemo-Radiotherapy

Question 22

define radical hysterectomy?

Answer 22

Exploration of pelvic and para-aortic space

Question 23

5 parts removed by radical hysterectomy?

Answer 23

Uterus

cervix

upper vagina

Parametria

Pelvic nodes

Question 24

what is preserved in pre-menopausal women during radical hysterectomy?

Answer 24

ovaries

Question 25

name 3 types of treatments for cervical cancer?

Answer 25

radiotherapy

chemotherapy

brachytherapy

Question 26

describe the radiotherapy used?

Answer 26

by external beam

Question 27

describe the chemotherapy used?

Answer 27

once weekly during radiotherapy

Question 28

describe the brachytherapy used?

Answer 28

Caesium insertion