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Repro > 19 - Ovarian Cancer > Flashcards

19 - Ovarian Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

how many cases does high risk families account for?

A

5-10%

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2
Q

3 gene mutations which are common families with Lynch type II familial cancers?

A

BRCA1
p53
BRCA2

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3
Q

where do most cases of ovarian cancers originate from?

A

fallopian tube

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4
Q

where do some ovarian cancers develop from?

A

ovarian cysts

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5
Q

describe the 3 genes associated with ovarian cancer which originate from fimbrae of fallopian tubes and develop into high grade serous carcinoma?

A

p53

BRCA1

BRCA2

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6
Q

describe the 4 genes associated with ovarian cancer which originate from serous tumours and develop into high grade serous carcinoma?

A

BRAF

KRAS

NRAS

ERBB2

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7
Q

describe the 3 genes associated with ovarian cancer which originate from endometriosis and develop into clear cell carcinoma?

A

ARID1A

PIK3CA

PTEN

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8
Q

describe symptoms of ovarian cancer?

A

VAGUE -

Indigestion/early satiety/poor appetite

Altered bowel habit/pain

Bloating/discomfort

weight gain

Pelvic mass

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9
Q

diagnosis of ovarian cancer?

A

USS of abdomen and pelvis

CT scan

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10
Q

how is CA 125 used?

A

indicates women with stage 1 ovarian cancer as CA 125 is elevated

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11
Q

what else can elevated CA 125 indicate?

A

colon cancer

breast cancer

endometriosis

pancreatic cancer

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12
Q

which equation is associated with diagnosis of ovarian cancer?

A

RMI = U x M x CA 125

U = US features
M = menopausal status
CA 125 level

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13
Q

describe stage 1 OC?

A

limited to ovaries

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14
Q

describe stage 2 OC?

A

1+ ovary with pelvic extension

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15
Q

describe stage 3 OC?

A

1+ ovary with peritoneal implants outside pelvis / +ve nodes

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16
Q

describe stage 4 OC?

A

distant metastasis

17
Q

2 types of chemotherapy for OC?

A

adjuvant

neo-adjuvant

18
Q

4 uses for OC laparotomy?

A

Obtain tissue diagnosis

Stage disease

Disease clearance

Debulk disease

19
Q

describe chemo for OC?

A

1st line platinum and taxane (Taxol)

within 8 weeks of surgery

20
Q

give the cure rates by stage of OC?

A

1 - 85%

2 - 47%

3 - 15%

4 - 10%

21
Q

who is tested using OC screening?

A

high risk women -

those with 2+ relatives / cancer gene mutation carriers

22
Q

what is involved in screening for OC?

A

Pelvic examination

US scanning of ovaries

CA 125

23
Q

what might be a next step for high risk women detected on the screening programme?

A

Prophylactic salpingo-oophrectomy

24
Q

what does the PROTECTOR trial aim to do?

A

identify high risk women and reduce risks of OC progressing

25
Q

what is the standard treatment in the PROTECTOR trial?

A

risk reducing salpingo oophorectomy (RRSO)

26
Q

what are the 2 other treatment options for high risk women in PROTECTOR trial?

A

oophorectomy and salpingectomy at same time

No operation

Repro (28 decks)

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