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Repro > 28 - STIs & Genital Symptoms > Flashcards

28 - STIs & Genital Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

8 genital symptoms?

A

Discharge from an orifice

Pain

Rashes

Lumps and swellings

Cuts, sores, ulcers

Itching

Change in appearance

Vague sense of things not being right

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2
Q

3 main causes for genital symptoms?

A

STD

other microbial problem

non-microbial problem

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3
Q

describe STD in terms of treatment and cure?

A

public and individual health issue

treatable

not always curable

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4
Q

describe other microbial problems in terms of treatment and cure?

A

Individual health problem

Treatable

Usually curable

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5
Q

give 3 examples of microbial conditions which are NOT classed at STDs?

A

Vulvovaginal candidosis

Bacterial vaginosis

Balanoposthitis – anaerobic/candidal

Tinea cruris

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6
Q

what is the main causative organism of vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Candida albicans

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7
Q

what is another less common causative organism for vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

C. glabrata

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8
Q

how is vulvovaginal candidosis acquired?

A

from the bowel

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9
Q

is vulvovaginal candidosis symptomatic? if so what are the symptoms?

A

Often asymptomatic -

however, can be symptomatic -

Itch
Discharge – thick, cottage cheese

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10
Q

name 3 groups of people who are most at risk of getting vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

diabetes

immune suppression incl HIV

pregnancy

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11
Q

clinical diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Characteristic history

Examination findings

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12
Q

2 investigations for diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Gram stained preparation - Low sensitivity

Culture – eg Sabouraud’s medium - Low specificity – yeast are commensal organisms

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13
Q

2 treatments for vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

1 - azole antifungals
(clotrimazole 500 mg once/ fluconazole 150 mg once)

2 - maintenance of skin - avoid irritants and treat dermatitis

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge?

A

bacterial vaginosis

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15
Q

symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A

asymptomatic

watery grey/yellow ‘fishy’ discharge

may be worse after period / sex

sometimes sore/itch from dampness

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16
Q

describe 2 factors associated with overgrowth of BV bacteria?

A

redcution of lactobacilli (reduced H2O production)

raised pH

17
Q

3 possible severe risks associated with bacterial vaginosis?

A

endometritis

premature labour

increased risk of HIV

18
Q

clinical diagnosis of BV?

A

Characteristic history

Thin homogenous discharge on examination

19
Q

investigations diagnosis of BV?

A

pH

Gram stained smear of vaginal discharge

20
Q

name 2 antibiotics which are used to treat BV and their routes of admin?

A

Metronidazole - oral/ vaginal gel

Clindamycin - vaginal

21
Q

name 2 other types of treatment for BV?

A

probiotics

vaginal acidification

22
Q

causative organism for balanitis and posthitis?

A

candidal balanitis

23
Q

how does Zoon’s balanitis present?

A

Chronic inflammation secondary to overgrowth of commensal organisms plus ‘foreskin malfunction’.

24
Q

2 causative organisms for impetigo?

A

staph aureus

strep pyogenes

25
Q

causative organism for Erysipelas?

A

strep pyogenes

26
Q

causative organism for dermatophyte infection?

A

trichophyton rubrum

27
Q

causative organism for tinea cruris?

A

dermatophytes

28
Q

what is tinea cruris AKA?

A

athlete’s groin

29
Q

causative organism for erythrasma?

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

30
Q

give 3 examples of questions to ask if nil found on a perceived problem?

A

Regretted sexual encounter?

When did they notice the problem?

Co-existing mental ill-health?

31
Q

3 things which should be done in terms of management for patients with perceived problem but nil found?

A

acknowledge it - never tell them they’re not experiencing it

ask what they think might be causing it

give them reassurance

32
Q

what are coronal papillae?

A

pearly papules on the penis

33
Q

4 examples of conditions which may seem like an STD but are not?

A

Fox-Fordyce spots

vulval papillomatosis

coronal papillae

Tyson’s glands

34
Q

4 examples of other causes of genital symptoms?

A

Pain syndromes

Dermatoses

Congenital

Traumatic

35
Q

3 examples of pain syndromes affecting the genitals?

A

Vestibulodynia

Vulvodynia

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Repro (28 decks)

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