1 - Female Physiology

Question 1

name 5 components of repro system?

Answer 1

uterus 
fallopian tubes (2)
ovaries (2)
cervix
vagina

Question 2

place of plantation of fertilised egg?

Answer 2

uterus

Question 3

relation of vagina to uterus?

Answer 3

vagina is a way for the uterus to communicate externally

Question 4

2 features of the SURFACE of the ovaries?

Answer 4

• connective tissue capsule

- covered with simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 5

2 features of the CORTEX of the ovaries?

Answer 5

• connective tissue

- contains primordial follicles

Question 6

2 features of the MEDULLA of the ovaries?

Answer 6

• connective tissue

- blood vessels

Question 7

order of structure of ovaries?

Answer 7

OUTSIDE —> INSIDE -

surface
cortex
medulla

Question 8

2 functions of ovaries?

Answer 8

• oocyte production

- steroid hormone production

Question 9

describe the production of oocytes - how many and how they progress as a woman ages?

Answer 9

• 1 mature egg/ menstrual cycle
• ~400 in life
• finite - decrease as woman gets older

Question 10

describe steroid hormone production of the ovaries? (3)

Answer 10

• oestrogen
• progesterone
• 50% of testosterone production

Question 11

function of progesterone produced by the ovaries?

Answer 11

prepares endometrium for implantation

Question 12

function of oestrogen produced by the ovaries?

Answer 12

develops female 2y sexual characteristics

Question 13

what occurs in foetal life as part of oogenesis?

Answer 13

primordial germ cell mitosis

Question 14

when do primordial follicles develop?

Answer 14

mitosis - in foetal life only

1st meiotic division starts and STOPS until puberty

1st and 2nd meiotic divisions - at puberty

2nd meiotic division - complete after fertilisation of oocyte with sperm

Question 15

why do primordial follicles’ 1st meiotic division pick up in puberty?

Answer 15

FSH and LH

Question 16

effects of FSH and LH on primordial follicles?

Answer 16

resumes meiosis and converts them to 1y and 2y follicles

Question 17

2 phases of follicular development stages?

Answer 17

preantral and antral phases

Question 18

how many chromosomes (n)during oogenesis?

Answer 18

mitosis - 46 n
meiosis - 23 n

start - 46n
middle -23n
end - 46n

Question 19

what is unique about oestrogen secretion in females?

Answer 19

+ve feedback

Question 20

describe the action of the hypothalamus in hormone secretion?

Answer 20

secretes GnRH

Question 21

action of GnRH?

Answer 21

acts on anterior pituitary - promotes secretion of FSH and LH

Question 22

what secretes the FSH and LH?

Answer 22

the anterior pituitary

Question 23

action of FSH and LH?

Answer 23

acts on the ovary to secrete oestrogen and progesterone

Question 24

action of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 24

acts on uterus

Question 25

GnRH?

Answer 25

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone

Question 26

name the 2 gonadotrophins?

Answer 26

FSH and LH

Question 27

what do gonadotrophins control?

Answer 27

the ovarian cycle

Question 28

what do the 2 steroid hormones control?

oestrogen and progesterone

Answer 28

coordinate the menstrual cycle

Question 29

when are steroid hormones released?

Answer 29

during ovarian cycle

Question 30

which steroid hormones create -ve feedback control?

Answer 30

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 31

what does both the -ve and +ve hormonal feedback on repro system act on?

Answer 31

anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

Question 32

how long is average menstrual cycle?

Answer 32

28 days

Question 33

when does +ve feedback of oestrogen occur?

Answer 33

mid-cycle (days 12-14)

Question 34

result of +ve feedback of oestrogen?

Answer 34

increases GnRH and LH

Question 35

effects of +ve feedback of oestrogen?

Answer 35

LH surge —> ovulation

Question 36

what symbolises start of new menstrual cycle?

Answer 36

progesterone and oestrogen decrease

Question 37

effects of LH surge?

Answer 37

follicle releases 2y oocyte

• > follicle becomes corpus luteum
• > start of luteal phase

Question 38

what does corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 38

progesterone (+ some oestrogen)

Question 39

when does corpus albicans appear?

Answer 39

@ ~day 28:

if fertilisation does not take place - corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans

Question 40

hormone secretion at stage of corpus albicans?

Answer 40

oestrogen and progesterone decreases