1 - Female Physiology Flashcards
name 5 components of repro system?
uterus fallopian tubes (2) ovaries (2) cervix vagina
place of plantation of fertilised egg?
uterus
relation of vagina to uterus?
vagina is a way for the uterus to communicate externally
2 features of the SURFACE of the ovaries?
- connective tissue capsule
- covered with simple cuboidal epithelium
2 features of the CORTEX of the ovaries?
- connective tissue
- contains primordial follicles
2 features of the MEDULLA of the ovaries?
- connective tissue
- blood vessels
order of structure of ovaries?
OUTSIDE —> INSIDE -
surface
cortex
medulla
2 functions of ovaries?
- oocyte production
- steroid hormone production
describe the production of oocytes - how many and how they progress as a woman ages?
- 1 mature egg/ menstrual cycle
- ~400 in life
- finite - decrease as woman gets older
describe steroid hormone production of the ovaries? (3)
- oestrogen
- progesterone
- 50% of testosterone production
function of progesterone produced by the ovaries?
prepares endometrium for implantation
function of oestrogen produced by the ovaries?
develops female 2y sexual characteristics
what occurs in foetal life as part of oogenesis?
primordial germ cell mitosis
when do primordial follicles develop?
mitosis - in foetal life only
1st meiotic division starts and STOPS until puberty
1st and 2nd meiotic divisions - at puberty
2nd meiotic division - complete after fertilisation of oocyte with sperm
why do primordial follicles’ 1st meiotic division pick up in puberty?
FSH and LH
effects of FSH and LH on primordial follicles?
resumes meiosis and converts them to 1y and 2y follicles
2 phases of follicular development stages?
preantral and antral phases
how many chromosomes (n)during oogenesis?
mitosis - 46 n
meiosis - 23 n
start - 46n
middle -23n
end - 46n
what is unique about oestrogen secretion in females?
+ve feedback
describe the action of the hypothalamus in hormone secretion?
secretes GnRH
action of GnRH?
acts on anterior pituitary - promotes secretion of FSH and LH
what secretes the FSH and LH?
the anterior pituitary
action of FSH and LH?
acts on the ovary to secrete oestrogen and progesterone
action of oestrogen and progesterone?
acts on uterus
GnRH?
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
name the 2 gonadotrophins?
FSH and LH
what do gonadotrophins control?
the ovarian cycle
what do the 2 steroid hormones control?
oestrogen and progesterone
coordinate the menstrual cycle
when are steroid hormones released?
during ovarian cycle
which steroid hormones create -ve feedback control?
oestrogen and progesterone
what does both the -ve and +ve hormonal feedback on repro system act on?
anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
how long is average menstrual cycle?
28 days
when does +ve feedback of oestrogen occur?
mid-cycle (days 12-14)
result of +ve feedback of oestrogen?
increases GnRH and LH
effects of +ve feedback of oestrogen?
LH surge —> ovulation
what symbolises start of new menstrual cycle?
progesterone and oestrogen decrease
effects of LH surge?
follicle releases 2y oocyte
- > follicle becomes corpus luteum
- > start of luteal phase
what does corpus luteum secrete?
progesterone (+ some oestrogen)
when does corpus albicans appear?
@ ~day 28:
if fertilisation does not take place - corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans
hormone secretion at stage of corpus albicans?
oestrogen and progesterone decreases
