8. Anesthesia Flashcards
MAC
smallest concentration of inhalation agent at which 50% of patient will not move
Small MAC
More lipid soluble, more potent
Speed of inudction
Inversely proportional to solubility
NO2
fast, minimal cardiac depression
s/e- tremors, avoid in SBO or PTX (diffuse into closed spaces)
Halothane
Slow onset/offset. Least pungent (children)
s/e:
- highest cards depression and arrhythmia
- halothane hepatitis
- avoid w/ neurosurg
Sevoflurane
fast, less laryngospasm, less pungent
good for mask induction
Isoflurane
Good for neurosurgery
Pungent (not used for induction)
Enflurane
Causes seizures
Propofol
Rapid distribution and on/off
s/e- hypotension, resp depression, meta acid
metabolism- liver
Ketamine
No respiratory depression
s/e
- hallucination, catelcholamine release, airway secretions, increased CBF
- c/i in head injury
Etomidate
Fewer hemodynamic changes Fast acting Fewest cards s/e s/e - adrenocortical suppresion w/ cont infusion
Dexmedetomidine
Mech- CNS alpha2 ago Not an induction agent. Good for intubated pts Anesthesia and analgesia s/e - not for more than 24h
Depolarizing agents
MOA- depolarize nm junction
Succinylcholine
Succinylcholine s/e
Malignant hyperthermia
Hyperkalemia
Glaucoma
Non-depolarizing agents
MOA- compete with ACh Atracurium Rocuronium Pancuronium Neostigmine (reversible) Edrophonium (reversible) Atripine (reversible) Glycopyrrolate (reversible)
