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zABSITE 2019 - high yield comprehensive > 6. Antibiotics > Flashcards

6. Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Iodophores (betadine)

A

Good for GPCs and GNRs

Poor for fungi

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2
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Good for GPCs, GNRs, and fungi

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3
Q

Penicillin

A

MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Effective: GPCs
Ineffective: Staph, enterococcus

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4
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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5
Q

Carbapenem MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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6
Q

Monobactam MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Coverage: GPCs (staph, enterococcus, MRSA), c. diff
S/E: redman syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxic

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8
Q

Tetracycline

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome
Coverage: GPCs, GNRs, syphilis
S/E: tooth discoloration

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin and Tobramycin
MOA: Inhibits 30s ribosome
Coverage: GNRs including PAS
S/e: reversible nephrotoxicity, irreversible ototoxic

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10
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome

Coverage: VRE

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11
Q

Erythromycin

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome
Coverage: GPCs (CAP and atypical PNM)
- prokinetic for bowel
s/e: nausea (po), cholestasis (iv)

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12
Q

Clindamicin

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome
Coverage: anaerobes including C. perfringens
- aspiration PNM
S/E: pseudomembranous colitis

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13
Q

Synercid

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome

Coverage: GPCs including MRSA, VRE

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14
Q

Quinolones

A 
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin
MOA: Inhibit DNA helicase; PO form = IV
Coverage: GNRs including PAS
Not effective: enterococcus
S/E: tendon rupture
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15
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

Inhibit RNA polymerase

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16
Q

Metronidazole

A

Produced o2 radicals that break DNA
Coverage: Anaerobes only
S/E: disulfiram-like rxn, p. neuropathy

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17
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

PAMA analogue

Inhibits purine synthesis

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18
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

Inhibits DHT reductase

Inhibits purine synthesis

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19
Q

PCN resistance

A

Plasmids for beta-lactamase

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20
Q

MRSA resistance

A

Mutation of cell wall binding protein

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21
Q

VRE resistence

A

Mutation in cell was binding protein

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22
Q

Gentamicin resistence

A

Modifying enzyme causing less active transport of gentamicin from bacteria

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23
Q

ABX that require drug level

A

Vancomycin

Gentamicin

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24
Q

If the peak is too high…

A

decrease of amount of each dose

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25
Q

If the trough is too high

A

decrease the frequency of dosing

26
Q

Anti-staph Penicillins

A

Oxacillin
Methicillin
Nafcillin

27
Q

Ampicillin

A

Effective: GPC and enterococcus

Not effective: staph

28
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Effective: GPC and enterococcus

Not effective: staph

29
Q

Unaysn

A

Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Effective: GPC (staph and strep), GNR, eneterococcus
Not effective: PAS

30
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors

A

Sulbactam
Clavulanic acid
Tazobactam

31
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Effective: GNRs including PAS

S/E: inhibit PLTs, high salt load

32
Q

Piperacillin

A

Effective: GNRs including PAS

S/E: inhibit PLTs, high salt load

33
Q

Timentin

A

Effective: GPC (staph and strep), GNR, anaerobes, enterococcus, PAS
S/E: inhibit PLTs, high salt load

34
Q

1G cephalosporin

A

Cefaozlin, cephalexin
Coverage: GPCs (staph and strep)
No effective: enterococcus

35
Q

2G cephalosprin

A

Cefoxitin, cefotetan
Coverage: GPC, GNR, +/- anaerobes
Not effective: enteroccosus, PAS

36
Q

3G cephalosporin

A

Ceftriazone, cefepime
Coverage: GNRs including PAS, +/- anaerobes
Not effective: Enteroccocus
S/E: cholestatic juandice

37
Q

Monobactam

A

Aztreonam

GNRs including PAS

38
Q

Carbapenems

A

Meropenem, Imipenem (w/ cilastin)
GPCs, GNRs, Anaerobes
Not effective: MRSA, enterococcus, proteus
S/E: Seizures

39
Q

Cilastin

A

Given with carbapenem

Prevents renal hydrolysis of the drug

40
Q

Bactrim

A

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Coverage: GNRs +/- GPC
Not effective: enterococcus, P/A/S
S/E: teratogen, renal damage, SJS, hemolysis if G6PDd

41
Q

A lower therapeutic index means

A

Drug is dangerous, monitor the level

42
Q

GPCs

A

Staph
Strep
Enterococcus

43
Q

GNRs

A 
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Serratia
E. coli
Klebsiella
Shigella
Salmonella
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
H. influenza
Campylobacter
44
Q

G- cocci

A

Neiserria Gonorrhea

Neiserria menintidies

45
Q

Anaerobes

A

Clostridium
Propionobacter
Actinomyces
Bacteroides fragilus

46
Q

Amphotericin

A

Binds ergosterol and alters membrane permeability
Coverage: fungal sepsis other than candida, aspergillus
S/E: nephrotoxic, hypokalemia

47
Q

Voriconazole

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis needed for cell wall

Coverage: aspergillosis

48
Q

Micafungin MOA

A

Inhibit cell well glucan synthesis

Coverage: candidemia

49
Q

Caspofungin MOA

A

Inhibit cell well glucan synthesis

Coverage: candidemia

50
Q

Isoniazid

A

MOA: inhibits mycolic acid
- give with pyridoxine
Coverage: TB
s/e: hepatotoxic, B6 deficiency

51
Q

Rifampin

A

MOA: inhibits RNA polymerase
Coverage: TB
s.e: hepatotodic, gi sxs, resistence

52
Q

Pyrazinamide s/e

A

Coverage: TB

s/e: hepatotodic

53
Q

Ethambutal s/e

A

Coverage: TB

s.e: retrobulbar neuritis

54
Q

Acyclovir

A

MOA: inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Coverae: HSV, EBV

55
Q

Ganciclovir

A

MOA: inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Coverage: CMBV
S/E: bone marriw decreased, CNS tooxicity

56
Q

Effective for enteroccous

A 
Ampicillin
Amoxacillin
Vancomycin
Timentin
Zosyn
***resistant to all cephalosporins
57
Q

Effective for VRE

A

Synercid

Linezolid

58
Q

Effective for PAS

A 
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Timentin
Zosyn
3G cephalosporin
Aminoglycodies (genta, tobra)
meropenem
Imipenem
Flouroquinolones
59
Q

Effective for MRSA

A

Vancomysin
Synercid
LInezolid

60
Q

Why does psuedomonas require double coverage

A

Alignate mucoid biolayer. Can colonize tubes and line

zABSITE 2019 - high yield comprehensive (12 decks)

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