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zABSITE 2019 - high yield comprehensive > 6. Antibiotics > Flashcards

6. Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Iodophores (betadine)

A

Good for GPCs and GNRs

Poor for fungi

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2
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Good for GPCs, GNRs, and fungi

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3
Q

Penicillin

A

MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Effective: GPCs
Ineffective: Staph, enterococcus

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4
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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5
Q

Carbapenem MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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6
Q

Monobactam MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Coverage: GPCs (staph, enterococcus, MRSA), c. diff
S/E: redman syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxic

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8
Q

Tetracycline

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome
Coverage: GPCs, GNRs, syphilis
S/E: tooth discoloration

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin and Tobramycin
MOA: Inhibits 30s ribosome
Coverage: GNRs including PAS
S/e: reversible nephrotoxicity, irreversible ototoxic

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10
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome

Coverage: VRE

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11
Q

Erythromycin

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome
Coverage: GPCs (CAP and atypical PNM)
- prokinetic for bowel
s/e: nausea (po), cholestasis (iv)

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12
Q

Clindamicin

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome
Coverage: anaerobes including C. perfringens
- aspiration PNM
S/E: pseudomembranous colitis

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13
Q

Synercid

A

Inhibits 30s ribosome

Coverage: GPCs including MRSA, VRE

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14
Q

Quinolones

A 
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin
MOA: Inhibit DNA helicase; PO form = IV
Coverage: GNRs including PAS
Not effective: enterococcus
S/E: tendon rupture
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15
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

Inhibit RNA polymerase

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16
Q

Metronidazole

A

Produced o2 radicals that break DNA
Coverage: Anaerobes only
S/E: disulfiram-like rxn, p. neuropathy

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17
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

PAMA analogue

Inhibits purine synthesis

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18
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

Inhibits DHT reductase

Inhibits purine synthesis

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19
Q

PCN resistance

A

Plasmids for beta-lactamase

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20
Q

MRSA resistance

A

Mutation of cell wall binding protein

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21
Q

VRE resistence

A

Mutation in cell was binding protein

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22
Q

Gentamicin resistence

A

Modifying enzyme causing less active transport of gentamicin from bacteria

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23
Q

ABX that require drug level

A

Vancomycin

Gentamicin

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24
Q

If the peak is too high…

A

decrease of amount of each dose

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25
If the trough is too high
decrease the frequency of dosing
26
Anti-staph Penicillins
Oxacillin Methicillin Nafcillin
27
Ampicillin
Effective: GPC and enterococcus | Not effective: staph
28
Amoxicillin
Effective: GPC and enterococcus | Not effective: staph
29
Unaysn
Ampicillin/Sulbactam Effective: GPC (staph and strep), GNR, eneterococcus Not effective: PAS
30
Beta lactamase inhibitors
Sulbactam Clavulanic acid Tazobactam
31
Ticarcillin
Effective: GNRs including PAS | S/E: inhibit PLTs, high salt load
32
Piperacillin
Effective: GNRs including PAS | S/E: inhibit PLTs, high salt load
33
Timentin
Effective: GPC (staph and strep), GNR, anaerobes, enterococcus, PAS S/E: inhibit PLTs, high salt load
34
1G cephalosporin
Cefaozlin, cephalexin Coverage: GPCs (staph and strep) No effective: enterococcus
35
2G cephalosprin
Cefoxitin, cefotetan Coverage: GPC, GNR, +/- anaerobes Not effective: enteroccosus, PAS
36
3G cephalosporin
Ceftriazone, cefepime Coverage: GNRs including PAS, +/- anaerobes Not effective: Enteroccocus S/E: cholestatic juandice
37
Monobactam
Aztreonam | GNRs including PAS
38
Carbapenems
Meropenem, Imipenem (w/ cilastin) GPCs, GNRs, Anaerobes Not effective: MRSA, enterococcus, proteus S/E: Seizures
39
Cilastin
Given with carbapenem | Prevents renal hydrolysis of the drug
40
Bactrim
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Coverage: GNRs +/- GPC Not effective: enterococcus, P/A/S S/E: teratogen, renal damage, SJS, hemolysis if G6PDd
41
A lower therapeutic index means
Drug is dangerous, monitor the level
42
GPCs
Staph Strep Enterococcus
43
GNRs
``` Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Serratia E. coli Klebsiella Shigella Salmonella E. Coli Klebsiella Proteus H. influenza Campylobacter ```
44
G- cocci
Neiserria Gonorrhea | Neiserria menintidies
45
Anaerobes
Clostridium Propionobacter Actinomyces Bacteroides fragilus
46
Amphotericin
Binds ergosterol and alters membrane permeability Coverage: fungal sepsis other than candida, aspergillus S/E: nephrotoxic, hypokalemia
47
Voriconazole
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis needed for cell wall | Coverage: aspergillosis
48
Micafungin MOA
Inhibit cell well glucan synthesis | Coverage: candidemia
49
Caspofungin MOA
Inhibit cell well glucan synthesis | Coverage: candidemia
50
Isoniazid
MOA: inhibits mycolic acid - give with pyridoxine Coverage: TB s/e: hepatotoxic, B6 deficiency
51
Rifampin
MOA: inhibits RNA polymerase Coverage: TB s.e: hepatotodic, gi sxs, resistence
52
Pyrazinamide s/e
Coverage: TB | s/e: hepatotodic
53
Ethambutal s/e
Coverage: TB | s.e: retrobulbar neuritis
54
Acyclovir
MOA: inhibits viral DNA polymerase Coverae: HSV, EBV
55
Ganciclovir
MOA: inhibits viral DNA polymerase Coverage: CMBV S/E: bone marriw decreased, CNS tooxicity
56
Effective for enteroccous
``` Ampicillin Amoxacillin Vancomycin Timentin Zosyn ***resistant to all cephalosporins ```
57
Effective for VRE
Synercid | Linezolid
58
Effective for PAS
``` Ticarcillin Piperacillin Timentin Zosyn 3G cephalosporin Aminoglycodies (genta, tobra) meropenem Imipenem Flouroquinolones ```
59
Effective for MRSA
Vancomysin Synercid LInezolid
60
Why does psuedomonas require double coverage
Alignate mucoid biolayer. Can colonize tubes and line

zABSITE 2019 - high yield comprehensive (12 decks)

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