4. Immunology Flashcards
IL2
Released by CD4 cells
T cell maturation
IL4
Released by CD4 cells
B cell maturation into plasma cells
IF-gamma
Activates macrophages
Infections associated with cell mediated immunity deficit
Intracellular infections
- TB
- Viruses
MHC1
Activates CD8 cells
On all nuceated cells
Stimulates cytotoxic T cells
Clear viral infections
MHC2
Activated CD4 cells
Presents on APCs
Stimulates Ab formation
Clear bacterial infections
Natural Killer Cells
Not restricted by MHC
Target cells needs:
1. Activation signal
2. No MHC1 (negative signal)
IgM
Initial Ab
Largest w/ 5 domains
MC Ab in the spleen
IgG
Most abundant
Secondary immune response
X placenta
IgA
Secretions: Peyer’s patch, breast milk
IgD
Membrane-bound receptor on B cells
IgE
Allergic reactions, parasites
T1 HS reactions
Ab regions
Variable region: Ag recognition
Fc Fragment: Recognized by PMNs, macrophages, and NKC
T1 HS Reactions
Mech: IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils release His, Ser, and BradyK
Ex: Bee sting, peanuts, hay fever
Tx: epinephrine
T2 HS Reactions
Mech: IgG or IgM reactions with cell-bound Ag
Ex: ABO incompatibility, hyper-acute rejection, m. gravis
T3 HS Reactions
Mech: Immune complex deposition
Ex: Serum sickness, SLE
T4 HS Reactions
Mech: APC’s px Ag to CD4 which activate mphage
- No Ab inolvement
Ex: TB skin test, contact dermatitis
Major sources of histamine in the blood
- Mast cells
2. Basophils
Primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Primary- liver, bone, thymus
Secondary- spleen, LNs
IL1
Endogenous pyogen
IL10
Largest inhibitor of inflammatory process
Non-tetanus prone wound
Give tetanus toxoid if:
- Pt has recieved < 3 doses
- Status is unknown
- > 10 years since booster
Tetanus prone wound
Criteria: > 6h old, contamination, devitalized tissue, crush, burn, frost bite, missle
Always give toxoid unless:
1. Pt has received > 3 doses AND < 5 years since booster
Give immune globulin if: non-immunized or status unknown
C. Tetani
G+ anaerobe
Causes tetanus
1st sign is trismus
