#8

Question 1

Night Scanning

Answer 1

Off-Center Viewing should be used to use maximum ability of rods

Question 2

Runway Width Illusion

Answer 2

A narrower or wider runway can make a pilot think they are higher or lower on approach due to the size the runway appears on final.

Question 3

Runway and terrain slopes illusion

Answer 3

Upsloping runway or Upsloping terrain can create the illusion the aircraft is higher then it truly is causing to land further then landing point. Downsloping runway or Downsloping terrain causes the illusion that you are at lower altitude then you truly are

Question 4

Featureless terrain illusion

Answer 4

The absence of surrounding ground features, as in an over-water approach, over darkened areas, or terrain made featureless by snow, can create the illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is.

Question 5

Atmospheric Illusions

Answer 5

Rain on the windscreen can create the illusion of greater height then actual height AGL

Atmospheric haze can give you the illusion of being at a greater distance from the runway.

Penetration of fog can create the illusion of pitching up.

Question 6

Ground Lighting Illusions

Answer 6

Lights along straight road or path or even moving lights can be mistaken for runway approach lights

Bright Runway lights can create the illusion of a closer distance from the runway then you truly are

Overflying terrain which has few lights to provide height cues may make a lower than normal approach.

Question 7

Flicker Vertigo

Answer 7

Technically NOT an illusion; may be created by helicopter rotors blades or airplane propellers interrupting direct sunlight at a rate of 4 to 20 cycles per second however, other sources include such things as anti-collision strobe lights flashing, especially while in the clouds. Can cause convulsions, nausea, unconsciousness. Avoid looking into propeller when there is light source