8/06 Flashcards
regular monitoring methotrexate
LFTs
local anaesthetic toxicity
20% lipid emulsion
colles fracture
FOOSH
dorsally displaced radius
dinner fork deformity
bennetts fracture
intra-articular fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal
punching injury
smiths fracture
fall backwards onto a flexed wrist
volar angulation of the distal radius fragment (garden spade deformity)
pericarditis tx
NSAID/colchicine
hypercalcaemia initial tx
IV fluids
diabetets insipidus osmolalities
high plasma
low urine
what finding indicates CKD rather than AKI
hypocalcaemia
safe to continue in AKI
- Paracetamol
- Warfarin
- Statins
- Aspirin (at a cardioprotective dose of 75mg od)
- Clopidogrel
- Beta-blockers
should be stopped in AKI as may worsen renal function
- NSAIDs (except if aspirin at cardiac dose e.g. 75mg od)
- Aminoglycosides
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Diuretics
Should be stopped in AKI as increase risk of toxicity but doesnt actually worsen renal function
- Metformin
- Lithium
- Digoxin
stage 1 AKI
creatinine 1.5-1.9 x baseline
stage 2 AKI
creatinine 2-2.9 x baseline
stage 3 AKI
creatinine 3 x baseline
calcium gluconate effect
stabilises cardiac membrane, does not lower potassium levels
risk of using NaCl for fluid therapy in large volumes
hyperchloraemia metabolic acidosis
tx of hypertension in CKD
ACEi
T1 resp failure
hypoxia without hypercapnia
T2 resp failure
hypoxia with hypercapnia
minimal change glomerulonephritis tx
prednisolone
minimal change glomerulonephritis tx
prednisolone
acute tubular necrosis finding
low urine osmolality and high urine sodium
tx of MRSA pre-op
nasal mupirocin + chlorhexidine to the skin
Ethylene glycol toxicity
fomepizole
osteosarcome
Codman triangle (a triangular area of new subperiosteal bone) with an associated sunburst appearance
prolonged diarrhoea ABG
metabolic acidosis with hypokalaemia
what change in nephrotic syndrome predisposes to VTE
loss of anti-thrombin III
positive immunohistochemistry for PLA2
membranous glomerulonephritis
blood stained nipple discharge in younger women
intraductal papilloma
HHS tx
IV 0.9% sodium chloride and thromboprophylaxis
If a secondary pneumothorax > 2cm and/or the patient is short of breath
chest drain first line (not aspiration)
first line analgesics for neuropathic pain
amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin or pregabalin
first line analgesics for neuropathic pain
amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin or pregabalin
pituitary tumour sight
bitemporal hemianopia
which ovarian tumours are assoc with endometrial hyperplasia
granulosa cell tumours
sign to differentiate between organic and non-organic lower leg weakness
hoovers
acute asthma mx
- Oxygen
- Salbutamol nebulisers
- Ipratropium bromide nebulisers
- Hydrocortisone IV OR Oral Prednisolone
- Magnesium Sulfate IV
- Aminophylline/ IV salbutamol
1st line tx of hypercalcaemia
fluids
mx of post op ileus
nil by mouth and NG tube
which abx should be avoided in pts taking valproate
ciprofloxacin as it lowers seizure threshold
strongest RF for anal cancer
HPV infection
anti mitochondrial antibody
primary biliary cholangitis
H pylori eradication therapy
lansoprazole + amox + clari
signs of R sided heart failure
raised jvp
hepatomegaly
peripheral oedema
when should people with CKD be prescribed an ACEi
ACR >30
acute limb ischaemia tx
analgesia, IV heparin and urgent vascular review for surgery
cervical cancer first mets
pelvic lymph nodes along the iliac arteries
