18/06 Flashcards
cANCA
granulomatosis with polyangitis
pANCA
eosinophilic granulomatosis
Ulcerative colitis (70%)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (70%)
Anti-GBM disease (25%)
Crohn’s disease (20%)
paradoxical rise in APTT and thrombocytopenia
APS
APS primary prophylaxis
low dose aspirin
APS secondary prophylaxis
initial venous thromboembolic events: lifelong warfarin with a target INR of 2-3
recurrent venous thromboembolic events: lifelong warfarin; if occurred whilst taking warfarin then consider adding low-dose aspirin, increase target INR to 3-4
APS tx of arterial thrombosis
lifelong warfarin target INR 2-3
azathioprine prior test
TPMT test
azathioprine adverse effects
bone marrow suppression
n/v
pancreatitis
> risk of non-melanoma skin cancer
but safe in preg !!
azathioprine drug interaction
allopurinol so lower doses needed
oral ulcers, genital ulcers and anterior uveitis
behcets
HLA B51
behcets
behcets pathergy test
puncture site following needle prick becomes inflamed with small pustule forming
bisphosphonates MOA
inhibit osteoclasts by reducing recruitment and promoting apoptosis
bisphosphonates adverse effects
oesophageal reactions
osteonecrosis of the jaw
> risk atypical stress fractures
acute phase response
hypocalcaemia
important check before starting bisphosphonates
Hypocalcemia/vitamin D deficiency should be corrected before
benign ‘overgrowth’ of bone, most typically occuring on the skull
osteoma
cartilage-capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone
osteochondroma
X-ray shows a ‘double bubble’ or ‘soap bubble’ appearance
giant cell tumour
occurs most frequently in the metaphyseal region of long bones prior to epiphyseal closure
codman triangle and sunburst appearance
Rb gene
osteosarcoma
small round blue cell tumour
onion skin appearance
ewings sarcoma
malignant tumour of cartilage
chondrosarcoma
CFS mx
specialist service
energy mx
physical activity and exercise
CBT
denosumab MOA
human monoclonal antibody that prevents the development of osteoclasts by inhibiting RANKL
prevention of skeletal-related events (i.e. pathological fractures)
denosumab
drug induced lupus antibodies
ANA +ve, dsDNA -ve
anti-histone
anti-ro anti-smith
drug induced lupus
procainamide
hydralazine
consequence of ileaocaecal resection in crohns
b12 def
Normal/raised total gas transfer with raised transfer coefficient
asthma or pulmonary haemorrhage
when should dex not be given in meningitis
suspected menigococcal septicaemia
ehlers danlos syndrome
type III collagen
fibromyalgia diagnosis
American College of Rheumatology
classification criteria which lists 9 pairs of tender points on the body
If a patient is tender in at least 11 of these 18 points it makes a diagnosis of fibromyalgia more likely
fibromyalgia mx
explanation
aerobic exercise: has the strongest evidence base
cognitive behavioural therapy
medication: pregabalin, duloxetine, amitriptyline
gout precipitating drug
thiazides
HLA-DQ2/DQ8
coeliac disease
HLA-DR2
narcolepsy
good pastures
marfans syndrome
protein fibrillin 1
methotrexate adverse effects
mucositis
myelosuppression
pneumonitis
pulmonary fibrosis
liver fibrosis
methotrexate co-prescription
folic acid 5mg once weekly
methotrexate interactions
trimethoprim or co-trimoxazole
high dose aspirin
methotrexate toxicity
folinic acid
myopathies
symmetrical muscle weakness (proximal>distal)
DIP, PIP joints
OA
MCP, PIP joints
RA
osteomalacia invx
low vit D, calcium and phosphate
raised alkaline phosphatase
xray - translucent bands
what is z score adjusted for
age, gender and ethnic factors
bones affected pagets
skull, spine/pelvis, and long bones of the lower extremities
mx of pagets
bisphosphonate
polymyositis antibodies
anti-synthestase
anti-JO1
DIPs affected
OA or PSORIATIC
raynauds mx
CCB eg nifedipine
post STI form of reactive arthritia
chlamydia
what invx should be done in all pts with suspected rheumatoid
xrays of hands and feet
supraspinatus
aBDucts arm before deltoid
Most commonly injured
infraspinatus
Rotates arm laterally
teres minor
aDDucts & rotates arm laterally
subscapularis
aDDuct & rotates arm medially
malignancy from sjogrens
lymphoid
stills disease diagnosis
Yamaguchi criteria
cautions sulfasalazine
G6PD deficiency
allergy to aspirin or sulphonamides (cross-sensitivity)
adverse effects sulfasalazine
oligospermia
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
pneumonitis / lung fibrosis
myelosuppression, Heinz body anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia
may colour tears → stained contact lenses
SLE
type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
what does raised CRP in sle indicate
infection as levels are usually normal during flares
sle complement c3 c4 levels
usually low during active disease
limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
face and distal limbs predominately
anti-centromere antibodies
diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
trunk and proximal limbs
anti-scl70
evolving visual loss temporal arteritis tx
IV methylprednisolone
SAMA
ipratropium
what meds can trigger haemolysis in G6PD def
sulph- drugs: sulphonamides, sulphasalazine and sulfonylureas
UC most commonly affected area
rectum
bradycardia mx
atropine, up to a maximum of 3mg
transcutaneous pacing
isoprenaline/adrenaline infusion
post heel pain
achilles tendon disorder
achilles tendon disorder RF
quinolone eg ciprofloxacin use
hypercholesterolaemia
adhesive capsulitis assoc
diabetes
otawa rules for ankle xray
pain in the malleolar zone and any one of the following findings:
bony tenderness at the lateral malleolar zone
bony tenderness at the medial malleolar zone
inability to walk four weight bearing steps immediately after the injury and in the emergency department
weber type A fracture
below the syndesmosis
weber type B fracture
start at the level of the tibial plafond and may extend proximally to involve the syndesmosis
weber type c fracture
above the syndesmosis which may itself be damaged
Maisonneuve fracture
spiral fibular fracture that leads to disruption of the syndesmosis with widening of the ankle joint, surgery is required
AVN of the hip causes
long-term steroid use
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma
avn hip invx of choice
mri
most freq loc of biceps rupture
proximal
long tendon which attaches to the glenoid
biceps rupture invx
USS
wasting in carpal tunnel
thenar eminence
carpal tunnel EPS findings
motor + sensory: prolongation of the action potential
carpal tunnel mx
6 wk trial of conservative mx if mild-mod
steroid inj + wrist splints at night
if severe or trial failed
surgical decompression (flexor retinaculum division)
tinels sign
tapping causes paraesthesia
phalens sign
flexion of wrist causes symptoms
colles fracture
Dorsally Displaced Distal radius → Dinner fork Deformity
complication colles fracture
median nerve injury: acute carpal tunnel syndrome presenting with weakness or loss of thumb or index finger flexion