23/06 Flashcards
Transudate (< 30g/L protein)
heart failure - most common
hypoalbuminaemia
hypothyroidism
meigs syndrome
Exudate (> 30g/L protein)
infection - PNEUMONIA (most common cause)
CTD
neoplasia
pancreatitis
PE
dressers
yellow nail
what to rule out in pts with urinary incontinence
diabetes and UTI
Fibrosis predominately affecting the upper zones
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
silicosis
sarcoidosis
ankylosing spondylitis (rare)
histiocytosis
tuberculosis
Fibrosis predominately affecting the lower zones
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
most connective tissue disorders (except ankylosing spondylitis) e.g. SLE
drug-induced: amiodarone, bleomycin, methotrexate
asbestosis
feltys syndrome
RA, splenomegaly and low white cell count
Plucking of clothes, smacking of lips, aura and feelings of de-ja-vu
temporal lobe seizures
Head/leg movements, posturing, post-ictal weakness, Jacksonian march
frontal lobe seizures
Paraesthesia
parietal lobe seizures
Floaters/flashes
occipital lobe seizures
positive femoral nerve stretch test
referred lumbar spine pain as a cause of hip pain
reduced reticulocyte count
aplastic crisis
increased reticulocyte count
sequestration crisis
opioids in pts severe renal impairment
buprenorphine or fentanyl
opioids in pts with mild renal impairment
oxycodone
axillary freckles
neurofibromatosis T1
lamotrigine adverse effect
steven johnsons syndrome
twisting injury with pain worse on straightening the knee
meniscal injury
how long should anti-depressants be continued
6 months AFTER remission of symptoms
carcinoid syndrome
5 HIAA
Renal transplant + infection
?CMV
low/normal phosphate
secondary hyperparathyroidism
high phosphate
tertiary hyperparathyroidism
excessive sodium chloride
hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis
contact lens assoc keratitis
pseudomonas aeruginosa
cortisol is not suppressed by low-dose dexamethasone but is suppressed by high-dose dexamethasone
cushings disease
acute, severe, symptomatic hyponatraemia
hypertonic saline
intussuception imaging
abdo USS
differentiating true seizure from a pseudoseizure
prolactin
h pylori eradication therapy
PPI
amox
clari
CT head within 1 hour
GCS < 13 on initial assessment
GCS < 15 at 2 hours post-injury
suspected open or depressed skull fracture
any sign of basal skull fracture (haemotympanum, ‘panda’ eyes, cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the ear or nose, Battle’s sign).
post-traumatic seizure.
focal neurological deficit.
more than 1 episode of vomiting
CT head within 8 hours
have experienced some loss of consciousness or amnesia since the injury +
age 65 years or older
any history of bleeding or clotting disorders including anticogulants
dangerous mechanism of injury (a pedestrian or cyclist struck by a motor vehicle, an occupant ejected from a motor vehicle or a fall from a height of greater than 1 metre or 5 stairs)
more than 30 minutes’ retrograde amnesia of events immediately before the head injury
isolated raised ALP
pagets disease
tx of pagets disease
bisphosphonates eg risendronate
complication of fluid resus in DKA c
cerebral oedema
when are IV fluids given for burns
in adults - second or third degree burns that cover 15% body surface area
in kids - when burns cover 10% of body surface area
parkland formula
volume of fluid= total body surface area of the burn % x weight (Kg) x4
Half of the fluid is administered in the first 8 hours
coarse red rash
scarlet fever
loss of fine motor function in both upper limbs
DCM
anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies
AI hepatitis
anti-mitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cirrhosis
septic arthritis YA
gonorrhea
early diastolic murmur that is louder on expiration and is best heard in the 3rd intercostal space left sternal edge
aortic regurgitation
if 1st repeat smear at 12 months is still hrHPV +ve
repeat smear 12 months later (i.e. at 24 months)
gout in someone taking warfarin
cochicine
avoid NSAIDs
hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma
MSH2/MLH1 gene mutations
Scrotal swelling you can’t get above
inguinoscrotal hernia
endocrine disorder as a result of lithium therapy
hypothyroidism
What is the latest time that HIV post-exposure prophylaxis may be given
72 hours after the event
type of adrenaline given in cardiac arrest
INTRAVENOUS
painful hernia
strangulated
PE ABG
resp alkalosis
mid shaft humeral fracture
radial nerve
B blocker overdose
IV glucagon
intermittent right iliac fossa pain
ileal crohns disease
rheumatic fever tx
IM benzylpenicillin / oral penicillin V
P TB med
pyrazinamide
AFP
hepatocellular cancer
