15/06 Flashcards
tx of orthostatic hypertension
> fluid and salt intake
compression stockings
med review
Fludrocortisone or midodrine
status epilepticus mx
pre-hosp: PR diazepam or buccalmidazolam
hosp:
IV lorazepam, repeat after 5-10 min
levetiracetam, phenytoin or sodium valproate
GA to control airway
test pt for hep b
hbsag
early diastolic murmur
aortic regurgitation
high fever, rapid onset and herpes labialis
strep pneumo
pneumonia in COPD
haemophilus
pneumonia following flu
staph aureus
dry cough, atypical chest findings, AI haemolytic anaemia, erythema multiforme
mycoplasma
hyponatreamia, lymphopenia, air conditioning units
legionella
pneumonia follow up
repeat chest X-ray at 6 weeks
Varenicline caution
patients with a history of depression or self-harm
bupronion CI/caution
epilepsy, breast feeding/eating disorder
pregnancy smoking cessation
NRT only
upper zone fibrosing lung disease
‘egg-shell’ calcification of the hilar lymph nodes
silicosis
sarcoidosis bloods
hypercalcaemia
»ACE levels
»ESR
indications for steroids in sarcoid
chest x-ray stage 2 or 3 disease who are symptomatic
hypercalcaemia
eye, heart or neuro involvement
psoriasis 1st line
potent corticosteroid applied once daily plus vitamin D analogue applied at different time
severe hyperkalaemia
A sinusoidal/sine wave ECG pattern
sedative in delirium
haloperidol 0.5 mg
tx of delirium in parkinsons
< of parkinsons meds
atypical antipsychotics quetiapine and clozapine
mild to mod alzheimers and Lewy body tx
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine
2nd line for alzheimers/Lewy body or severe disease
NMDA receptor antagonist - memantine
alzheimers pts at risk of harming themselves or others, or when the agitation, hallucinations or delusions are causing them severe distress
antipsychotics
when is donepezil CI
bradycardia
donepezil SE
insmonia
path changes in alzeheimers
widespread cerebral atrophy, particularly involving the cortex and hippocampus
sudden or stepwise deterioration in cognitive function
vascular dementia
screen for pts at risk of pressure sores
waterloo score
mx of pressure sores
moist wound environment - Hydrocolloid dressings and hydrogels
tissue viability nurse
surgical debridement
frailty assessment
gait speed, self reported health status, PRISMA-7 questionaire
scan for lewy body
SPECT
falls blood screen
FBC, U&E, LFTs, calcium, glucose, ESR/CRP, TFTs, vitamin B12 and folate levels
vaginal passage of faeces or flatus
colovaginal fistula due to diverticular disease
cardiac arrhythmia macrolides
torsades de pointes
acromegal invx
first line = serum IGF1
if this is»_space;, OGTT
tx of acromegaly
transphenoidal surgery
2nd line = somatostatin analogue eg ocreotide, GH receptor antagonist pegvisomat
commonest cause of addisons uk
AI destruction of adrenal glands
diagnosis of addisons
ACTH stimulation test, short synacthen test
if not available, 9am cortisol
addisons electrolyte abnormalities
hyperkalaemia
hyponatraemia
hypoglycaemia
metabolic acidosis
mx of addisonian crisis
hydrocortisone 100mg im or iv
1 l saline infused over 30-60 mins or with dextrose if hypoglycaemic
continue hydrocortisone 6 hourly until the patient is stable
oral replacement may begin after 24 hours and be reduced to maintenance over 3-4 days
CARBIMAZOLE adverse effect
agranulocytosis
congenital adrenal hyperplasia inheritance
autosomal recessive
congenital adrenal hyperplasia endocrine
affect adrenal steroid biosynthesis
in response to resultant low cortisol levels the anterior pituitary secretes high levels of ACTH
ACTH stimulates the production of adrenal androgens
presentation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
virilisation in females
precocious puberty in males
salt losing crisis
most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21-hydroxylase deficiency
congenital hypothyroidism
prolonged neonatal jaundice
delayed mental & physical milestones
short stature
puffy face, macroglossia
hypotonia
Minimal glucocorticoid activity, very high mineralocorticoid activity
fludrocortisone
Glucocorticoid activity, high mineralocorticoid activity
hydrocortisone
Predominant glucocorticoid activity, low mineralocorticoid activity
prednisolone
Very high glucocorticoid activity, minimal mineralocorticoid activity
dexamethasone
betamethasone
sick day rules pt on long term steroids
double dose
when to take statins
last thing in evening
restless legs syndrome tx
dopamine agonists such as ropinirole
salicylate poisoning
iv bicarb
hypothermia ECG
J waves
afro carribean hypertension
CCB
when to co-prescribe in SSRI
when already taking an NSAID, give a PPI
valvulae conniventes extending across bowel
small bowel obstruction
Bone pain, tenderness and proximal myopathy
?osteomalacia
when can pts be tested for coeliac
when they have eaten gluten for 6 wks