7B.3b Digestion, Food & Nutrients (this is a biggy)

Question 1

What is food for? 2, with detail.

Answer 1

1. ENERGY (movement & warmth) and

2. GROWTH (also repairing and replacing cells)

Question 2

What is a BALANCED DIET? (1)

Answer 2

A sensible amount of food taken from the 4 FOOD GROUPS.

Question 3

What are the 4 food groups (4)?

Answer 3

1. DAIRY PRODUCTS (milk, cheese, butter)
2. MEAT & MEAT SUBSTITUTES (meats, soya)
3. BREAD & CEREALS
4. FRUIT & VEGETABLES

Question 4

What are the 7 types of nutrients?

Answer 4

(Fat Cats Feed With Very Messy Paws)

1. Fat
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fibre
4. Water
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals
7. Protein

Question 5

What is fat for? 3

Answer 5

Energy, insulation, cell building

Question 6

What are Carbohydrates for? 1

Answer 6

Energy (used in respiration reaction)

Question 7

What is Fibre for? 3

Answer 7

Healthy bowels. Helps with peristalsis (mainly plant material - cellulose cell walls)

Question 8

What is water for? 2

Answer 8

1. makes up Cell/body FLUIDS

2. As a MEDIUM for cellular reactions

Question 9

What are Vitamins for? (2)

Answer 9

Body reactions and healthy growth

Question 10

What are Minerals for? (2)

Answer 10

Body reactions and healthy growth

Question 11

What are Proteins for? (2)

Answer 11

Growth and Repair

Question 12

What is it called when you don’t get enough of a nutrient?

Answer 12

Malnutrition.

Question 13

Give 2 examples of malnutrition (name of disease and missing nutrient for each) (4)

Answer 13

2 from:

1. SCURVY, from lack of VITAMIN C
2. RICKETS, from lack of CALCIUM
3. ANAEMIA, from lack of IRON

Question 14

Name the 2 psychological feeding disorders that can stop the body getting enough nutrients.

Answer 14

1. Anorexia

2. Bulimia

Question 15

What is DIGESTION? (3)

Answer 15

The process of BREAKING DOWN of food into SMALL SOLUBLE MOLECULES and passing them into the BLOOD.

Question 16

What does the body use to speed up digestion?

Answer 16

ENZYMES, which are biological Catalysts, speed up reactions.

Question 17

Give an example of an enzyme, and where it is used (2)

Answer 17

Salivary amylase in the mouth (saliva)

Question 18

Name the ORGANS involved in digestion (7)

Answer 18

1. Mouth
2. Stomach
3. Liver and 4. Pancreas (food doesn’t go through these)
4. Small Intestines
5. Large Intestines
6. Rectum

Question 19

How does the MOUTH help digestion? (5)

Answer 19

TEETH and TONGUE give food a large SURFACE AREA, making it easier to SWALLOW. SALIVA contains enzymes that turn some STARCH into SUGAR.

Question 20

How does the STOMACH help digestion? (3)

Answer 20

Food is mixed with ACIDS and ENZYMES, and broken down CHEMICALLY

Question 21

How do the LIVER and PANCREAS help digestion? (4)

Answer 21

1. they add BILE to emulsify FATS

2. they add GASTRIC JUICES (enzymes) to break food down CHEMICALLY

Question 22

What do the SMALL INTESTINES do?

Answer 22

Absorb NUTRIENTS into the blood through millions of VILLI.

Question 23

What is the RECTUM for? (3)

Answer 23

Making farts. Oh, and STORING FAECES before it is EGESTED through the ANUS.

Question 24

Where do the nutrients go, after they’re absorbed by the small intestines. And what happens there?

Answer 24

To the LIVER, where some nutrients are stored, and poisons are removed.

Question 25

What are the 4 types of TEETH? (4, plus 4 for what they do)

Answer 25

1. Incisors (cut food into smaller pieces)
2. Canines (rip, tear and kill)
3. Premolars (crush, crack bones)
4. Molars (grind food for larger surface area)