7B.3b Digestion, Food & Nutrients (this is a biggy) Flashcards
What is food for? 2, with detail.
- ENERGY (movement & warmth) and
2. GROWTH (also repairing and replacing cells)
What is a BALANCED DIET? (1)
A sensible amount of food taken from the 4 FOOD GROUPS.
What are the 4 food groups (4)?
- DAIRY PRODUCTS (milk, cheese, butter)
- MEAT & MEAT SUBSTITUTES (meats, soya)
- BREAD & CEREALS
- FRUIT & VEGETABLES
What are the 7 types of nutrients?
(Fat Cats Feed With Very Messy Paws)
- Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Fibre
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Protein
What is fat for? 3
Energy, insulation, cell building
What are Carbohydrates for? 1
Energy (used in respiration reaction)
What is Fibre for? 3
Healthy bowels. Helps with peristalsis (mainly plant material - cellulose cell walls)
What is water for? 2
- makes up Cell/body FLUIDS
2. As a MEDIUM for cellular reactions
What are Vitamins for? (2)
Body reactions and healthy growth
What are Minerals for? (2)
Body reactions and healthy growth
What are Proteins for? (2)
Growth and Repair
What is it called when you don’t get enough of a nutrient?
Malnutrition.
Give 2 examples of malnutrition (name of disease and missing nutrient for each) (4)
2 from:
- SCURVY, from lack of VITAMIN C
- RICKETS, from lack of CALCIUM
- ANAEMIA, from lack of IRON
Name the 2 psychological feeding disorders that can stop the body getting enough nutrients.
- Anorexia
2. Bulimia
What is DIGESTION? (3)
The process of BREAKING DOWN of food into SMALL SOLUBLE MOLECULES and passing them into the BLOOD.
What does the body use to speed up digestion?
ENZYMES, which are biological Catalysts, speed up reactions.
Give an example of an enzyme, and where it is used (2)
Salivary amylase in the mouth (saliva)
Name the ORGANS involved in digestion (7)
- Mouth
- Stomach
- Liver and 4. Pancreas (food doesn’t go through these)
- Small Intestines
- Large Intestines
- Rectum
How does the MOUTH help digestion? (5)
TEETH and TONGUE give food a large SURFACE AREA, making it easier to SWALLOW. SALIVA contains enzymes that turn some STARCH into SUGAR.
How does the STOMACH help digestion? (3)
Food is mixed with ACIDS and ENZYMES, and broken down CHEMICALLY
How do the LIVER and PANCREAS help digestion? (4)
- they add BILE to emulsify FATS
2. they add GASTRIC JUICES (enzymes) to break food down CHEMICALLY
What do the SMALL INTESTINES do?
Absorb NUTRIENTS into the blood through millions of VILLI.
What is the RECTUM for? (3)
Making farts. Oh, and STORING FAECES before it is EGESTED through the ANUS.
Where do the nutrients go, after they’re absorbed by the small intestines. And what happens there?
To the LIVER, where some nutrients are stored, and poisons are removed.
What are the 4 types of TEETH? (4, plus 4 for what they do)
- Incisors (cut food into smaller pieces)
- Canines (rip, tear and kill)
- Premolars (crush, crack bones)
- Molars (grind food for larger surface area)
