7B.3a - Breathing and Circulation. WHOPPER.

Question 1

All cells of all living organisms _______ (1)

Answer 1

Respire

Question 2

What is AEROBIC RESPIRATION? (3)

Answer 2

BURNING SUGAR (or fat) with OXYGEN to release ENERGY (NOT breathing!).

Question 3

Do all plant cells respire? 1

Answer 3

YES

Question 4

What carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around body? 1

Answer 4

Red Blood Cells.

Question 5

What is chemical reaction for RESPIRATION? 2

Answer 5

Sugar + O2 ➔ CO2 + H2O (+ ENERGY)

Question 6

What GASES are involves in respiration? 2

Answer 6

CO2 and O2

Question 7

How do you test for O2? 2

Answer 7

1. Relights a glowing splint

2. BICARBONATE INDICATOR - red to purple

Question 8

How do you test for CO2? 1

Answer 8

BICARBONATE INDICATOR - red to yellow

Question 9

Can humans respire at all without O2? 1

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What is respiration without oxygen called? 1

Answer 10

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Question 11

What happens when we respire anaerobically? 2

Answer 11

We produce LACTIC ACID - which makes our muscles ache, and gives us a stitch.

Question 12

Do all organisms respire aerobically (with oxygen)? 2

Answer 12

No, some respire ANAEROBICALLY (without oxygen).

Question 13

Examples of Anaerobic Respiration? 2

Answer 13

Examples include FERMENTATION (yeast, making alcohol), and SEWAGE BACTERIA producing METHANE.

Question 14

Name the 4 components of blood, and what they do. (4 + 4)

Answer 14

1. RED BLOOD CELLS (carry oxygen and carbon dioxide)
2. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (fight infection/disease)
3. PLATELETS (form scabs when exposed to air)
4. PLASMA (fluid to carry cells, platelets, food, gases and hormones)

Question 15

Name the molecule in Red Blood Cells that transports oxygen. 1

Answer 15

Haemoglobin

Question 16

How do white blood cells get through capillaries into tissues? 1

Answer 16

They can CHANGE their SHAPE to squeeze through the capillary walls into tissues.

Question 17

What are platelets made of? 2

Answer 17

CELL fragments and bits of BONE

Question 18

How are red blood cells designed to do their job? 3

Answer 18

Round, DISC-SHAPED with dimple on each side to give LARGE SURFACE AREA to VOLUME ratio. This increases the SPEED at which molecules can pass into/out of each cell.

Question 19

8 main functions of the blood? (8)

Answer 19

1. Carry OXYGEN from alveoli in lungs to all cells
2. Carry FOOD from intestines to all cells
3. Carry CO2 from all cells to lungs
4. Carry WASTE from tissues to large intestines
5. Fight INFECTION/ disease
6. Form SCABS to prevent microbes from entering the body
7. Control body TEMPERATURE
8. Carry HORMONES round the body

Question 20

Name the blood vessels that carry the blood from the heart and back again (in order!) (3)

Answer 20

1. ARTERIES
2. CAPILLARIES
3. VEINS

Question 21

Describe ARTERIES (2)

Answer 21

MUSCULAR, to help squeeze blood

Question 22

Describe CAPILLARIES (2)

Answer 22

Very THIN and NARROW, to transport blood deep into tissues. Have a high SURFACE AREA.

Question 23

Describe VEINS (2)

Answer 23

WEAK-WALLED, blue appearance, no pulse. Carry blood back to heart.

Question 24

Which vessels have a pulse? 1

Answer 24

ARTERIES - squeeze with the heart.

Question 25

How is PULSE measured? 1

Answer 25

Beats per minute

Question 26

How do you determine a pulse rate? (2)

Answer 26

1. find an ARTERY CLOSE TO SKIN SURFACE (neck or wrist)

2. count pulse for 1 MINUTE

Question 27

What is a typical resting pulse? 2

Answer 27

60-80 BPM (Beats Per Minute)

Question 28

Veins have no pulse. How are they designed to stop the blood flowing the wrong way? 1

Answer 28

(Like the heart) they have VALVES.

Question 29

What is BREATHING? (3)

Answer 29

Getting AIR IN AND OUT, so we can get OXYGEN FOR RESPIRATION and EXCRETE CO2.

Question 30

How do the LUNGS get OXYGEN into the blood stream? (3)

Answer 30

Air travels through the TRACHEA which splits into two BRONCHI and then into smaller tubes ending in ALVEOLI (air sacs).

Question 31

How are ALVEOLI designed to transfer gases in and out of blood stream? (2)

Answer 31

Thin, moist, large Surface Area, and good blood supply (lots of capillaries).

Question 32

How does O2 get from the ALVEOLI to the TISSUES? (4)

Answer 32

RED BLOOD CELLS in the CAPILLARIES surrounding the alveoli collect O2 from the damp lining, travel back to the HEART and are then PUMPED off around the body to be exchanged for CO2.

Question 33

How is air pulled in and out of the lungs? (2)

Answer 33

The DIAPHRAGM MOVES UP AND DOWN to inhale and exhale. RIBCAGE can also expand for a deeper breath.

Question 34

Name the gases in air, and approximate percentages of each in normal air. (10)

Answer 34

1. NITROGEN, N2 (78%)
2. OXYGEN, O2 (21%)
3. CARBON DIOXIDE, CO2 (0.03%)
4. ARGON, Ar (1%)
5. WATER (not much, and varies)

Question 35

How are percentages different in EXHALED AIR? (10)

Answer 35

1. NITROGEN - no change
2. OXYGEN - from 21% to 16% (only ¼ removed)
3. CO2 - 0.03% to 5% (more than 100 times more!)
4. ARGON - no change (Ar is inert gas)
5. WATER - typically up a bit (due to moist alveoli)

Question 36

How do you test for O2? (1)

Answer 36

Glowing splint relights

Question 37

How do you test for CO2? (2)

Answer 37

BICARBONATE INDICATOR (red to yellow), or LIME WATER (clear to cloudy).

Question 38

How do you test for presence of WATER? (2)

Answer 38

Anhydrous COPPER SULPHATE (white to blue)