7.4: The Progressive Era [1890 - 1920] Flashcards
1
Q
GOALS
A
- Power of big businesses
- Economic uncertainty
- Violence between labour and employers
- Power of political machines
- Jim Crow Segregation (limited care)
- Women’s suffrage
- Alcohol
- Gov intervention = cure to societal issues
2
Q
JOURNALISM
A
- Investigative and exposing corruption
- Coined “Muckrakers” by Roosevelt
- Sinclair’s “The Jungle”
- Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil
- Jacob Riis’ “How the Other Half Lives”
3
Q
DEMOCRATIC EXPANSION
A
- Secret Ballot introduction to combat political machines
- 17th Amendment [1913]: people vote for senators
- 19th Amendment [1920]: women can vote
- Legislative Reform: Initiative [voters require legislator to reconsider previously ignored bill], Referendum [people vote on proposed laws] and Recall [can remove corrupt politicians before term completion]
- Proposed Frederick Taylor’s “Scientific Management” for factories for gov
- Niagara Movement: black intellectuals like Dubois planning protests for black rights
- NAACP: founded to abolish segregation and expand education for blacks
4
Q
SQUARE DEAL
A
- Roosevelt’s running campaign
- Anthracite Coal Strike at the start of Roosevelt’s Presidency
- Invited business leaders and miners to White House
- Took no sides
- Offered mutually beneficial Square Deal
- Enforced limp Sherman Antitrust Act and broke up monopolies
- Congress passed ‘Pure Food and Drug Act’ and ‘Meat Inspection Act’
- Passed ‘Forest Reserve Act’
5
Q
ALCOHOL
A
- 18th Amendment: forbade manufacture and sale of alcohol: PROHIBITION
- championed by women, Anti-Saloon League and American Temperance Society
- enforced by Volstead Act
6
Q
IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION
A
- fear of communism, social and anarchism
- 1917: Immigration Act: literacy test for immigrants
- 1921: Emergency Quota Act: 3% of 1910 census
- 1924: National Origins Act: 2% of 1890 census
7
Q
OTHER
A
- 1916: Child Labor Act: 14+
- Elkin’s Act: railroad regulation
- Clayton Antitrust Act
