7.12: Mobilization

Question 1

TOTAL WAR

Answer 1

• WWII = total war = military and domestic assets leveraged
• 1000% increased in federal spending
• 15% increase in GNP due to leveraging of industry
• Depression ended
• War Production Board
• Office of War Mobilization
• Car factories making planes and tanks
• Other factories = war munitions
• Kaiser Shipyards = new ship every 14 days
• Corollary Anti-Strike Act and agreement to pause strikes between labour and management
• 16th Amendment = income tax = raise funds for war

Question 2

NEW OPPORTUNITIES

Answer 2

• Rosie The Riveter = women workers are strong and important to war effort
• 1 million blacks joined army in effort to bring race issues to forefront and raise status at home
• NAACP championed Double V Campaign [Victory in war and Victory against racism]
• Regiments still segregated
• Tuskegee Airmen = all black = 1600 combat missions
• 1942: Congress Of Racial Equality
• Executive Order 8802 ended discrimination in defense industry
• 300,000 Mexicans in army
• Mexican farmers allowed into US without normal immigration processes due to farmers leaving for war
• Zoot-Suit Riots in Cali
• FDR’s Good Neighbour Policy = relations and cooperation to be built with Latin America
• 25,000 Navajo codetalkers
• 1942: Japanese Relocation via. Executive Order 9066
• 100,000+ West Coast Japanese Americans relocated to internment camps
• 1944: Korematsu V. US
• Korematsu, represented by American Civil Liberties Union, claimed forced removal = unconstitutional violation of 5th Amendment
• Supreme Court claimed Japanese Relocation = constitutional = martial necessity due to espionage and sabotage