74. Diseases caused by Henipa viruses. Flashcards
Disease caused by hendra virus Ethiology?
Disease caused by Hendra virus
Etiology
- Australia
- Hendra virus
- Relationship with Nipah virus ➝ cross reaction
Epidemiology of Hendra virus?
Epidemiology
- Reservoir: flying dogs
- Infection with urine of flying foxes and horses (excretes)
- Host: horse, human
- Zoonosis
Pathogenesis of hendra virus?
Pathogenesis
- Infection
‣ Horse: excrete of flying foxes, infected fruits, horses
‣ Human: from horses, inhalation
- Replication in lymphoid tissues of upper respiratory tract
- Viraemia
- Endothel damaged, vasculitis in airways and lungs
Clinical signs of Hendra virus?
Clinical signs
- Incubation: 6-10 days
- Fever, depression
- Increased respiratory rate, nasal discharge
- Ataxia, spasms, forced movement, paralysis
Pathology, diagnosis and prevention Control of Hendra virus?
Pathology
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Vasculitis
Diagnosis
- Epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology
- Agent detection ➝ PCR, ELISA, IHC virus isolation
- Antibody detection ➝ ELISA, VN
Prevention, control
- Avoid contact with flying foxes
- Closed herds, stamping out
- Vaccine in Australia
Disease caused by Nipah virus ethiology?
Disease caused by Nipah virus
Etiology
- India, Malaysia, Bangladesh
- Nipah virus
- Genetic variability
- Swine, dog, cat, human
Epidemiology of Nipah virus?
Epidemiology
- Flying foxes are reservoirs
- Infection from urine and excrete of flying foxes, fruits
- Pigs are amplifying hosts ➝ airborne infection
Pathogenesis of Nipah virus?
Pathogenesis
- Infection PO or inhalation
- Replication in lymphoid tissues of upper respiratory tract
- Viraemia
- Endothel damaged, vasculitis in brain
Clinical signs and pathology of Nipah Virus?
Clinical signs
- Pig ➝ fever, cough, nasal discharge, ataxia, spasms, paralysis
- Dog ➝ Distemper-like clinical signs
- Cat ➝ fever, respiratory signs
Pathology
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Vasculitis
Diagnosis and prevention control of Nipah virus?
Diagnosis
- Epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology
- Agent detection ➝ PCR, IHC, virus isolation
- Antibody detection ➝ VN, ELISA
Prevention, control
- Avoid contact with flying foxes
- Control movement of animals and quarantine
- In case of outbreak in closed herds ➝ stamping out
Public health aspects of Nipah virus?
Public health aspects
- Hendra virus and Nipah virus are zoonotic
- Infection
‣ Horse: inhalation (Hendra virus)
‣ Pigs, flying foxes, fruits (Nipah virus)
- Clinical signs
‣ Fever, respiratory signs, sometimes nervous (Hendra virus)
‣ Fever, influenza-like, spasms, forced movement (Nipah virus)
- Treatment: Ribavirin, Hyperimmune serum
