32. Contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and goat. Swine pox. Flashcards
Contagious pustular dermatitis info?
Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD) of sheep and goat ➝ Zoonotic
- CPD (Parapoxvirus genus)
- Hosts: Sheep, goat, human
- Occurrence: worldwide
Nomenclature?
Nomenclature
- Orf
- Ecthyma contagiosum (ulcerative pyoderma of skin)
- Scabby mouth, Soar mouth
Clinical signs?
Clinical signs
- Strong crustation on
‣ Mouth, ends of limbs ➝ lamb and young goat
‣ Teats ➝ mothers, ewes
‣ Rarely around genitals (strong reddish crustaceous lesions)
Epidemiology?
Epidemiology
- Related to Pseudocowpox and bovine papular stomatitis
- Highly resistant in dried crusts up to 12 years (once introduced to herd, it cannot be eradicated)
- Transmission: contact (asymptomatic animals, fomites, people)
- Common in young lambs and older lambs
- Late summer, fall, winter on pasture and winter at feedlots (virus resistant to large temp changes)
- Introduction to naive herds ➝ mass outbreak in suckling animals
- Immunity lasts maximum half year
Pathogenesis?
Pathogenesis
- Mouth mucosa (lesions), skin ➝ 3-9 days incubation
‣ Mouth ➝ pain, no appetite
‣ Limbs ➝ lameness (panaritium)
‣ Udder ➝ no feeding ➝ starvation of lambs ➝ death
‣ Genitals ➝ no reproduction ➝ infertility
- Recovery within 1 month without pockmarks
- High morbidity
- Low mortality (maximum 10% because of secondary infections)
Clinical signs?
Clinical signs
- Papules ➝ vesicular ➝ pustular changes ➝ encrusting
- Sometimes large scabs, and the proliferation produces a verrucose (secondary necrobacillosis)
- Primary lesion
‣ Mucocutaneous junction of lips
‣ Incisor teeth
‣ Buccal cavity
- Feet around coronet (secondary infection with D. congolensis (flies))
- Udder skin
- Severely affected lambs: loss of condition
- Lameness, mastitis
Diagnosis and DD?
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs, EM, histology (inclusion bodies)
- Isolation (in cell culture), PCR, ELISA (to detect antibodies)
DD:
- ulcerative dermatosis,
- FMD due to reddish erosions,
- Bluetongue,
- Staphylococcal dermatitis
Control?
Control
- General epidemiological measures, vaccination
- Virulent virus: ONLY in infected herds, scarification into the skin (2 days, 2 weeks, 3 months)
- Attenuated virus: for prevention
- Treatment: antibiotic ointments supporting epithelisation
Orf in human?
Orf in human
- Occurrence: shepherds, veterinarians
- Usually in epidermis of skin
- 6 stages lasting approximately 1 week each
- Clinical signs
- Lesions (one to few)
- Nodules on fingers, hands, forearms
- 2-3 cm (can be as large as 5 cm) ➝ painful
- Small papules ➝ ulceration
- Other symptoms: mild fever, malaise (fatigue), local swelling of lymph nodes
• Recovery within 1 month without pockmarks
Swine Pox Ethiology?
Swinepox
• Swinepox virus (Suipoxvirus genus)
Etiology
- Widespread worldwide
- Bad hygienic conditions ➝ skin lesions, dirty litter, poor feeding
- Only pigs susceptible
- Every age, usually asymptomatic in adults
- Young pigs (under 5 months of age)
- Slow spread (weeks), present for a long time in large herds
- Mechanical vectors
‣ Louse (Haematopinus suis)
‣ Flea, fly ➝ spread by contact
Clinical signs of Swine Pox?
Clinical signs
- Incubation time: 6-16 days ➝ local or generalised symptoms
- Loss of appetite and mild fever
- Red spots in skin (ears, belly, thighs) with pock in centre
‣ Spots cover large areas of the skin and converge
‣ Crust forms after 6-8 days
‣ New, fresh lesions may appear beside the old ones
- Secondary bacterial infection: conjunctivitis, keratitis, otitis, meningitis
‣ Interstitial pneumonia in wasting animals ➝ death
- Pregnant sows: abortion or birth of piglets with clinical signs
- Death is rare
- Recovery within 3-5 weeks (without bacterial superinfection)
- Vaccinia suis can cause similar signs in swine
Diagnosis and Control of Swine Pox?
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs, histopathology
- PCR, virus isolation
Control
- General epidemiological measures
- Animal hygiene, proper feeding
- Control of ectoparasites
- Antibiotics to prevent/treat bacterial superinfection
- All-in, all-out
