12. Papillomatoses.

Question 1

Virus info?

Answer 1

• 40-55 nm nm diameter
• Icosahedral shape
• Non-enveloped: Very strong resistance
• Infectious for month in the environment
• Double stranded, linear DNA genome (5,3-8 kbp ʹ bigger than circo/parvo)
• 8-10 proteins: 2 structural proteins (L1 and L2),
• Replication associated proteins(E1-E6)
• Use a viral transcriptase
• Good antigens, but hidden, and no cross protection
• Stenoxen & Oncogenic
• Latent (genome in the nucleus - extrachromosomal)
• No replication in tissue culture (need keratin ʹ which is why replicate on live animals/ humans skin)
• 2 subfamilies: First- and Second papillomavirinae
• First papilloma virinae: 51 genera mainly humans
• Cattle: 13 described species, but more than 20
• Second papillma virinae: fish

Question 2

Bovine papillomatosis?

Answer 2

Bovine papillomatosis

• Deltapapillomavirus 4: 1, 2, 12, 13,
• Dyokappapapillomavirus: 18
• Dyoxipapillomavirus: 7
• Epsilonpapillomavirus: 5, 8
• Xipapapillomavirus: 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11
• 6 types of papillomatosis viruses
• 1, 2: also infect horses
• 1, 2, 3: tumors in the skin, all over the body (mainly head/neck)
• 4: intestines
• 5, 6: skin of udder
• Frequently together on the same animal
• Type-specific immunity

Question 3

Bovine Papillomatoses pathogenesis?

Answer 3

Pathogenesis

• Virion to be in stratum basale (primary infection), will migrate to str corneum and can replicate
• Str. Granulosum: produce viral capsid
• Str. Corneum: shed infectious virus
• (NO Viremia ʹ just in skin!)
• Incubation: 1-2 months (every sp.)
• Spreading: all over the world, direct contact, iatrogenic route, mechanic vectors(fly)
• Intake: trauma, erosion, skin, mucosa

Question 4

Clinical signs Bovine Papillomatoses?

Answer 4

Clinical signs

• In the skin and mucosa mollusc
• Millet-size, greyish, stuffed, non-painful
• nodules
• Mainly: near the eye, horn base,
• abdomen, neck, dug, withers
• Rarely: oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, vagina/penis
• Benign, can heal by itself
• Secondary infections can occur

Question 5

Histopathology, diagnosis and treatment of Bovine papillomatosis?

Answer 5

Histopathology

• Epithelia cell hyperplasia
• Enlarged str. spinosum and str. corneum
• Rarely tumours (epithelia or fibroblast)

Diagnosis

• Non-isolated: PCR, in situ DNA hybridization, histopathology, EM, immunohistochemistry, IF
• Antibody: spontaneous healing

Treatment

• Surgical removal (cut out, burn, freeze with liquid nitrogen), if it is irritating often around body openings, around the eyes: problems with vision, feeding
• Autovaccine

Question 6

Horse Papillomatosis?

Answer 6

Horse papillomatosis

• EPV 2 types, BPaV-1 and BPaV-2 (Bovine 1 & 2)
• Mainly head and neck (blowhole, jaw)
• Rarely: ears, hoof, palpebra, genitalia
• Spreading: Iatrogen route (snaffle, pipe)
• Under 3 years
• Horse sarcoid: looks pretty serious
• Comes from fibroblast
• Head, abdomen, hoof
• Aggressive, de not cause metastasis
• Genetic factors
• Can be asymptomatic
• Mechanic vectors (fly)
• Replication cycle is stopped їno infectious virion BUT the early proteins can be detected (form
• tumors also)

Question 7

Dog/Cat Papillomatosis?

Answer 7

Dog/Cat papillomatosis

• Puppy/kitty or young
• Oral cavity, genitalia
• In case of immunosuppression can be the
• whole body
• Spontaneous healing (2-6 months)

Question 8

Wild animals also?

Answer 8

Wild animals also:

• Giraffe, Rabbit
• Humans it’s not as benign: 16 & 18
• Vaccine!
• persistent virus and asymptomatic,
• precancerous lesions
• Increased risk of cancer of cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth/throat
• Warts
• Cancer of cervix