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WILLIAM'S HEMATOLOGY > 73 The Structure of Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells > Flashcards

73 The Structure of Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells Flashcards

1
Q

3 major blood lymphocyte functional subsets

A

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells

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2
Q

Usual diameter of lymphoctes

A

6–15 μm

Small lymphocytes: 6–9 μm
Large lymphocytes: 9–15 μm

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3
Q

Mean absolute number of circulating small lymphocytes in normal adults

A

2.5 × 109/L

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4
Q

Children have higher lymphocyte counts that trend downward until they reach adult levels at about age_______years

A

8–10 years

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5
Q

What is the cell being described:

Slightly larger than most lymphocytes, with an increased area of light blue or clear cytoplasm; contains several coarse pink granules, usually 5–15 per cell, and occasional clear vacuoles

A

Large granular lymphocytes

In a normal adult, approximately 5% but up to 10% to 15% of blood lymphocytes are LGLs

The LGLs in blood are composed of NK cells and a subset of CD8+ T lymphocytes, indistinguishable by their morphology.

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6
Q

Infection with___________ causes an increase in blood lymphocytes with a particular activated morphology characterized by small size, scant cytoplasm, and cleaved nuclei with mature chromatin

A

B pertussis

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Cytoplasmic spreading does not occur in lymphocytes.

A

TRUE

Cytoplasmic spreading does not occur in lymphocytes.

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8
Q

Plasma cells derive from small _____ lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes

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9
Q

The characteristic feature of plasma cells

A

Abundant cytoplasmic and secretory Ig

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A fully mature plasma cell has surface Ig expression.

A

FALSE

A fully mature plasma cell lacks surface Ig expression.

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11
Q

Large electron-dense inclusions of plasma cells

A

Russell bodies

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12
Q

What is the cell being described:

Cell with characteristic basophilic cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus; large paranuclear zone

A

Plasma Cell

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13
Q

The large paranuclear zone of plasma cells corresponds to

A

Golgi apparatus

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14
Q

Antigens restricted to cells of the B lineage

A

CD20, CD22, and Pax 5

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15
Q

A transcription factor that is a “master regulator” of B-cell development

A

Pax 5

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16
Q

The target of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody commonly used for treatment of B-cell neoplasms

A

CD20

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17
Q

The best-defined pan–B-cell surface antigen

A

CD19

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18
Q

B cells have distinctive activation requirements and high levels of CD44 and interleukin-5 receptor α

A

B-1 B cell

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19
Q

In addition to the CD antigens and Igs, B cells express the three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens: ________________

A

DR, DP, and DQ

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Many B-cell differentiation antigens are expressed by the mature plasma cell, including CD20, Pax-5, surface Ig, and human leukocyte antigen class II antigens

A

FALSE

Many B-cell differentiation antigens are NOT expressed by the mature plasma cell, including CD20, Pax-5, surface Ig, and human leukocyte antigen class II antigens

21
Q

Distinctive cell surface antigens of plasma cells

A

CD138 and CD38

22
Q

Clonal plasma cells usually aberrantly lack expression of _____________

A

CD19 and CD27

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

All lymphocyte progenitors originate in the marrow, but T lymphocytes have their own special organ for maturation—the secondary lymphoid tissue —whereas NK cells appear to differentiate in thymus

A

FALSE

All lymphocyte progenitors originate in the marrow, but T lymphocytes have their own special organ for maturation—the thymus—whereas NK cells appear to differentiate in secondary lymphoid tissue

24
Q

Both CD4 and CD8 contain:
CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, and TCR α/β

Antigens specific to:
CD4:
CD8:

A

Antigens specific to:
CD4: CD10, CD25, CD57 and Foxp3100

CD8: CD16, CD56, CD57, cytolytic enzymes101

25
Q

NK cells are negative for

A

CD3, TCR (α/β or γ/δ)

26
Q

γ/δ T cells are negative for

A

CD4

27
Q

Three general stages of thymocyte maturation based on the surface CD4 and CD8 expression:

A
  • Double negative- least-mature ( subcapsular area)
  • Double positive
  • Single positive- most-mature (medulla)
28
Q

Surface antigens present on T lymphocytes of all stages

A

CD2, CD5, and CD7

29
Q

“double-negative” thymocytes also express

Aside from CD2, CD5 and CD7

A

CD1a, cytoplasmic CD3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)

30
Q

Most common lymphocytes in blood

A

Mature helper T-cells

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8, but not both

A

TRUE

Mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8, but not both

32
Q

CD4 recognizes MHC ____
CD8 recognizes MHC ____

A

CD4 recognizes MHC class II
CD8 recognizes MHC class I

33
Q

Coreceptors for HIV

A

CD4
CCR5 (CC chemokine receptor type 5)
CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4)

34
Q

Cells that induce immune tolerance, and follicular T-helper cells that promote B-cell maturation and differentiation in germinal centers

A

T-regulatory (Treg) cells

35
Q

Treg and follicular T-helper cells (TFH cells) express: ___________

A

CD10 and CD57

36
Q

Adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma expresses both _______and ______ and is associated with marked immunosuppression.

A

CD25 and Foxp3

37
Q

Has characteristic clonal T cells that express CD10 and CD57 just like TFH cells, and this lymphoma is associated with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and the expansion and proliferation of both B cells and CD21+ follicular dendritic cells.

A

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

38
Q

Cells that exhibit critical roles in mucosal defense and in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

A

T-helper-17 (TH17) cells

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The NK cell is defined as an effector cell that is MHC-restricted and has the capacity for spontaneous cytotoxicity toward various target cells

A

FALSE

The NK cell is defined as an effector cell that is not MHC-restricted and has the capacity for spontaneous cytotoxicity toward various target cells

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Most NK cells have LGL morphology . However, not all NK cells have LGL morphology, and not all LGL cells are NK cells. Many are cytolytic T lymphocytes

A

TRUE

Most NK cells have LGL morphology . However, not all NK cells have LGL morphology, and not all LGL cells are NK cells. Many are cytolytic T lymphocytes

41
Q

Human NK cells characteristically express _____ and ______but not TCRα/β or TCRγ/δ, CD3, or CD4.

A

CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56

42
Q

Surface antigens of Treg cells

A

CD3, CD4, CD25, and cytoplasmic FoxP3

43
Q

Predominant phospholipid in the lymphocyte plasma membrane

A

Phosphatidylcholine

44
Q

A tyrosine kinase in B cells that plays a critical role in signal transduction via surface Ig receptors

A

Bruton tyrosine kinase

45
Q

Serve as scaffolding for the assembly of kinases and other signaling molecules after antigen-receptor ligation

Have no intrinsic enzymatic activity

A

Adapter proteins

EX: B-cell linker protein (BLNK), Linker for activation of T-cells

46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Plasma cells have a high DNA-to-RNA ratio

A

FALSE

Plasma cells have a high RNA-to-DNA ratio

Reflecting the plasma cell’s high-level synthesis of Ig

47
Q

Pore-forming proteolytic enzyme

A

Perforin

48
Q

Serine proteinases with specific pro-apoptotic activity

A

Granzymes

49
Q

Cytotoxic lymphocytes possess serine-proteinase inhibitors, termed

A

Serpins

WILLIAM'S HEMATOLOGY (109 decks)

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