70 Monocytosis and Monocytopenia Flashcards

1
Q

Monocyte that highly phagocytic and proinflammatory, compose virtually all marrow monocytes and approximately 85% of blood monocytes

A

“Classical” monocytes

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2
Q

Marker of “Classical” monocytes

A

CD14 ++ CD16 −

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3
Q

Chemokine receptor of classical monocytes

A

CCR2 hi CX3CR1 lo

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4
Q

Marker and receptor of “Intermediate” subset monocytes

A

Marker: CD14 ++ CD16 +

Receptor: CCR2 mid CX3CR1 hi CCR5 mid

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5
Q

Marker and receptor of “Non-classical”” subset monocytes

A

Marker: CD14 lo CD16 ++

Receptor: CCCR lo CX3CR1 hi

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6
Q

Subset of monocyte referred to as the “patrolling” subset and contains dendritic cell precursor

A

“Non-classical” subset

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7
Q

Specific macrophage populations :

brain: _____________
liver : _____________
bone: _____________

A

brain [astroglia]
liver [Kupffer cells]
bone [osteoclasts]

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8
Q

Monocytes constitute _________% of blood leukocytes

A

1%–9% (mean, 4%)

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9
Q

Monocytosis is defined as

A

Monocyte count consistently exceeds 0.8 × 10 9 /L

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10
Q

The blood monocyte count cycles with a periodicity of ______ days

A

Five days

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11
Q

Approximately______% of patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have an increase in the absolute monocyte count.

A

25%

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Patients with myelodysplasia and monocytosis have a high propensity to evolve into acute or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

A

TRUE

Patients with myelodysplasia and monocytosis have a high propensity to evolve into acute or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

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13
Q

Monocytosis or Monocytopenia

This feature of primary myelofibrosis, may be a harbinger of rapid progression.

A

Monocytosis

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14
Q

Absolute number of monocytes in the blood of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

A

≥1.0 × 10 9 /L

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15
Q

Transcript of CML associated with monocytosis

A

p190 BCR-ABL

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16
Q

Monocytosis occurs in a number of neutropenic states:

A

Cyclic neutropenia, chronic granulocytopenia of childhood, familial benign chronic neutropenia, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, and chronic hypoplastic neutropenia

17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Monocytosis characteristically appears later in the recovery phase of agranulocytosis and may be a harbinger of recovery.

A

TRUE

Monocytosis characteristically appears later in the recovery phase of agranulocytosis and may be a harbinger of recovery.

18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Monocytosis has been noted in approximately 25% of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma at it correlates with prognosis.

A

FALSE

Monocytosis has been noted in approximately 25% of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, although it does not correlate with prognosis.

19
Q

A statistically significant increase in blood monocyte concentration has been reported in myeloma and has been correlated with the presence of _________ light-chain containing monoclonal immunoglobulin

A

λ light-chain containing monoclonal immunoglobulin

20
Q

Syndrome induced by drugs such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproic acid, is associated with monocytosis

A

Pseudolymphoma syndrome

21
Q

Infectious diseases are an uncommon cause of monocytosis except in the ff:

A

Tonsillitis, dental infection, recurrent liver abscesses, candidiasis, and tuberculous peritonitis

A number of infections formerly thought to be associated with monocytosis are not, when examined systematically. These include rickettsial diseases, leishmaniasis, typhoid fever, malaria, disseminated candidiasis, brucellosis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever.

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Neither the monocyte count nor the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes correlates with the stage or activity of tuberculosis.

A

TRUE

Neither the monocyte count nor the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes correlates with the stage or activity of tuberculosis.

23
Q

Viral infection associated with monocytosis

A

Cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and influenza virus

24
Q

Monocytosis that occurs after myocardial infarction, reaching a peak on _______

A

Day 3

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A correlation exists between serum creatine kinase activity and monocyte count, suggesting a relationship between extent of infarction and monocytosis.

A

TRUE

A correlation exists between serum creatine kinase activity and monocyte count, suggesting a relationship between extent of infarction and monocytosis.

After myocardial infarction, persistent monocytosis is correlated with pump failure.

26
Q

Characteristic of monocytosis associated with depressive and anxiety disorders

A

High plasma levels of β endorphins and dysfunctional (hypophagocytic) monocytes

27
Q

A monocyte distribution width of greater than ________was found to be an important indicator of sepsis.

A

Greater than 20 units

28
Q

Patients with monocyte counts below______had higher rates of bacteremia and organ dysfunction and a higher 28-day mortality rate

A

Below 0.250 × 10 9 /L

29
Q

Syndrome with extreme monocytopenia, and sometimes amonocytosis and frequency of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) opportunistic infections

A

MonoMAC syndrome

30
Q

Mutation in MonoMAC syndrome

A

GATA2 gene

31
Q

Triad of lymphedema, monosomy 7, and myelodysplasia or acute myelogenous leukemia

A

Emberger syndrome

32
Q

Blood dendritic cells are composed of two principal phenotypic subtypes:

A

Myeloid-derived (HLA-DR + CD11c + CD123 + )- 2/3

Lymphoid-plasmacytoidderived (HLA-DR + CD11c − CD123 + ) - 1/3

33
Q

Proportion of a myeloid-derived type dendritic cells

A

2/3

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Fluctuations in blood dendritic cells are often independent of changes in total blood monocyte count.

A

TRUE

Fluctuations in blood dendritic cells are often independent of changes in total blood monocyte count.

35
Q

Dendritic cells make up approximately ________% of blood cells (range, 0.15%–1.30%) and represent__________ (range, 3 to 30 × 10 6 cells/L).

A

0.6%

14 × 10 6 cells/L

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Blood dendritic cell counts decrease with aging and increase with surgical stress (and presumably other stressful reactions) in relation to plasma cortisol levels.

A

TRUE

Blood dendritic cell counts decrease with aging and increase with surgical stress (and presumably other stressful reactions) in relation to plasma cortisol levels.