70 Monocytosis and Monocytopenia Flashcards
Monocyte that highly phagocytic and proinflammatory, compose virtually all marrow monocytes and approximately 85% of blood monocytes
“Classical” monocytes
Marker of “Classical” monocytes
CD14 ++ CD16 −
Chemokine receptor of classical monocytes
CCR2 hi CX3CR1 lo
Marker and receptor of “Intermediate” subset monocytes
Marker: CD14 ++ CD16 +
Receptor: CCR2 mid CX3CR1 hi CCR5 mid
Marker and receptor of “Non-classical”” subset monocytes
Marker: CD14 lo CD16 ++
Receptor: CCCR lo CX3CR1 hi
Subset of monocyte referred to as the “patrolling” subset and contains dendritic cell precursor
“Non-classical” subset
Specific macrophage populations :
brain: _____________
liver : _____________
bone: _____________
brain [astroglia]
liver [Kupffer cells]
bone [osteoclasts]
Monocytes constitute _________% of blood leukocytes
1%–9% (mean, 4%)
Monocytosis is defined as
Monocyte count consistently exceeds 0.8 × 10 9 /L
The blood monocyte count cycles with a periodicity of ______ days
Five days
Approximately______% of patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have an increase in the absolute monocyte count.
25%
TRUE OR FALSE
Patients with myelodysplasia and monocytosis have a high propensity to evolve into acute or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
TRUE
Patients with myelodysplasia and monocytosis have a high propensity to evolve into acute or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
Monocytosis or Monocytopenia
This feature of primary myelofibrosis, may be a harbinger of rapid progression.
Monocytosis
Absolute number of monocytes in the blood of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
≥1.0 × 10 9 /L
Transcript of CML associated with monocytosis
p190 BCR-ABL
Monocytosis occurs in a number of neutropenic states:
Cyclic neutropenia, chronic granulocytopenia of childhood, familial benign chronic neutropenia, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, and chronic hypoplastic neutropenia
TRUE OR FALSE
Monocytosis characteristically appears later in the recovery phase of agranulocytosis and may be a harbinger of recovery.
TRUE
Monocytosis characteristically appears later in the recovery phase of agranulocytosis and may be a harbinger of recovery.
TRUE OR FALSE
Monocytosis has been noted in approximately 25% of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma at it correlates with prognosis.
FALSE
Monocytosis has been noted in approximately 25% of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, although it does not correlate with prognosis.
A statistically significant increase in blood monocyte concentration has been reported in myeloma and has been correlated with the presence of _________ light-chain containing monoclonal immunoglobulin
λ light-chain containing monoclonal immunoglobulin
Syndrome induced by drugs such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproic acid, is associated with monocytosis
Pseudolymphoma syndrome
Infectious diseases are an uncommon cause of monocytosis except in the ff:
Tonsillitis, dental infection, recurrent liver abscesses, candidiasis, and tuberculous peritonitis
A number of infections formerly thought to be associated with monocytosis are not, when examined systematically. These include rickettsial diseases, leishmaniasis, typhoid fever, malaria, disseminated candidiasis, brucellosis, and dengue hemorrhagic fever.
TRUE OR FALSE
Neither the monocyte count nor the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes correlates with the stage or activity of tuberculosis.
TRUE
Neither the monocyte count nor the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes correlates with the stage or activity of tuberculosis.
Viral infection associated with monocytosis
Cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and influenza virus
Monocytosis that occurs after myocardial infarction, reaching a peak on _______
Day 3
TRUE OR FALSE
A correlation exists between serum creatine kinase activity and monocyte count, suggesting a relationship between extent of infarction and monocytosis.
TRUE
A correlation exists between serum creatine kinase activity and monocyte count, suggesting a relationship between extent of infarction and monocytosis.
After myocardial infarction, persistent monocytosis is correlated with pump failure.
Characteristic of monocytosis associated with depressive and anxiety disorders
High plasma levels of β endorphins and dysfunctional (hypophagocytic) monocytes
A monocyte distribution width of greater than ________was found to be an important indicator of sepsis.
Greater than 20 units
Patients with monocyte counts below______had higher rates of bacteremia and organ dysfunction and a higher 28-day mortality rate
Below 0.250 × 10 9 /L
Syndrome with extreme monocytopenia, and sometimes amonocytosis and frequency of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) opportunistic infections
MonoMAC syndrome
Mutation in MonoMAC syndrome
GATA2 gene
Triad of lymphedema, monosomy 7, and myelodysplasia or acute myelogenous leukemia
Emberger syndrome
Blood dendritic cells are composed of two principal phenotypic subtypes:
Myeloid-derived (HLA-DR + CD11c + CD123 + )- 2/3
Lymphoid-plasmacytoidderived (HLA-DR + CD11c − CD123 + ) - 1/3
Proportion of a myeloid-derived type dendritic cells
2/3
TRUE OR FALSE
Fluctuations in blood dendritic cells are often independent of changes in total blood monocyte count.
TRUE
Fluctuations in blood dendritic cells are often independent of changes in total blood monocyte count.
Dendritic cells make up approximately ________% of blood cells (range, 0.15%–1.30%) and represent__________ (range, 3 to 30 × 10 6 cells/L).
0.6%
14 × 10 6 cells/L
TRUE OR FALSE
Blood dendritic cell counts decrease with aging and increase with surgical stress (and presumably other stressful reactions) in relation to plasma cortisol levels.
TRUE
Blood dendritic cell counts decrease with aging and increase with surgical stress (and presumably other stressful reactions) in relation to plasma cortisol levels.
