134 Atherothrombosis: Disease Initiation, Progression, and Treatment

Question 1

Major atherosclerotic CVD risk factors that cannot be modified

Answer 1

• Increasing age
• Male gender
• Heredity

Question 2

Established risk factors that can be modified

Answer 2

• Dyslipidemias
• Smoking
• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
• Abdominal obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Psychosocial factors

Question 3

Endothelial antithrombotic properties

Answer 3

• Nitric oxide (NO)
• Prostacyclin (PGI2)
• Trombomodulin
• Heparin-like molecules

Question 4

Dysfunctional endothelium shows enhanced vascular permeability and favors __________ entry into the arterial wall

Answer 4

LDL

Question 5

Infection is associated with impaired endothelial vasodilatation; repeated infection with_________________ results in endothelial dysfunction via impaired NO availability

Answer 5

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 6

Central pathogenic events that promote atherosclerotic lesion formation

Answer 6

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol infiltration

Question 7

An integral membrane protein expressed by endothelial cells that modulates the activities of thrombin

Answer 7

Thrombomodulin

Question 8

In concert with its cofactor, protein S, has anticoagulant and profibrinolytic actions because it inactivates coagulation factors (V and VIII) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1

Answer 8

Activated protein C

Question 9

Released basally by normal endothelial cells and inhibits platelet aggregation by inducing platelet adenylyl cyclase and raising intraplatelet levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Answer 9

Prostacyclin (PGI2)