7.3 Introduction to CNS [Yeye Edition]

Question 1

True or False:
Some drugs exert their effect through direct interactions with molecular components of ion channels on axons

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False:
Most drugs exert their effect mainly at the synapses

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the 5 Presynaptic Acts

Answer 3

1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release
4. Reuptake
5. Metabolism of transmitter chemicals

Question 4

10 steps for the Sequence of Sites of Drug Action

Answer 4

(1) Action potential in presynaptic fiber
(2) Synthesis of transmitter
(3) Storage
(4) Metabolism
(5) Release
(6) Reuptake into the nerve ending or uptake into a glial cell
(7) Degradation
(8) Receptor for the transmitter
(9) Receptor-induced increase or decrease in ionic conductance
(10) Retrograde signaling

Question 5

Inhibits synthesis of serotonin

Answer 5

Parachlorophenylalanine

Question 6

Inhibits storage of catecholamines

Answer 6

Reserpine

Question 7

Inhibits release of catecholamines

Answer 7

Amphetamine

Question 8

Inhibits degradation of Acetylcholine, used for myasthenia gravis

Answer 8

Anticholinesterase

[It increases conc. of levels of acid]

Question 9

Arranged or systematized either on hierarchical or diffused

Answer 9

CNS Organization

Question 10

2 types of Neuronal System

Answer 10

1. Hierarchical System
2. Diffuse/ Non-specific neuronal System

Question 11

Contain large myelinated, rapidly conducting fibers and MAJOR excitatory transmitters

Answer 11

Hierarchical System

Question 12

Control major sensory and motor functions

Answer 12

Hierarchical System

Question 13

What are the 2 small inhibitory interneurons transmitter

Answer 13

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Glycine

Question 14

Broadly distributed, with single cells frequently sending processes to many different parts of the brain-tangential

Answer 14

Diffuse/ Non-specific neuronal System

Question 15

Periodic enlargements that contain
transmitter vesicles

Answer 15

VARICOSITIES

Question 16

Found primarily in a compact cell group called locus coeruleus in the caudal pontine central gray matter

Answer 16

Transmitters

Question 17

What are the 3 central neurotransmitters

Answer 17

1. Localization
2. Release
3. Synaptic Mimicry

Question 18

3 Criteria for transmitter status

Answer 18

1. Present in higher concentration in the synaptic area than in other areas (localized in appropriate areas)
2. Released by electrical or chemical stimulation via calcium-dependent mechanism
3. Synaptic mimicry

Question 19

Produce the same sort of postsynaptic response that is seen with physiologic activation of the synapse

Answer 19

Synaptic mimicry

Question 20

What are the 5 chemicals accepted as the NTAa in the CNS

Answer 20

1. Acetylcholine
2. Dopamine
3. Norepinephrine
4. Serotonin
5. Glutamic Acid

Question 21

NTAs: Slow excitation, 5% of neurons have receptors: G protein-coupled muscarinic M1 receptors

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

NTAs: Decreased permeability to potassium

Answer 22

Acetylcholine

Question 23

NTAs: Inhibitory actions at synapses in specific neuronal systems

Answer 23

Dopamine

Question 24

NTAs: G protein-coupled activation of K+ channels: D2 receptors

Answer 24

Dopamine

Question 25

NTAs: Increase cAMP

Answer 25

Dopamine

Question 26

NTAs: Generally Excitatory effects, especially in Activation of a1 and β1 receptors

Answer 26

Norepinephrine

Question 27

NTAs: It decreases K+ conductance [flow]

Answer 27

Norepinephrine

Question 28

NTAs: More positive = Excitatory

Answer 28

Norepinephrine

Question 29

NTAs: What are the 2 inhibitory effects of Norepinephrine

Answer 29

1. Activation of a2 and β2 receptors
2. Increase K+ conductance

Question 30

NTAs: Excitatory for most neurons, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor

Answer 30

Glutamic Acid

Question 31

NTAs: Inhibition of adenyl cyclase

Answer 31

Glutamic Acid