7.2 Introduction to CNS [Yeye Edition]

Question 1

What are the 2 Ion Channels

Answer 1

1. Voltage Gated
2. Ligand Gated

Question 2

Voltage-Gated: SODIUM channel
Affected by what 2 factors

Answer 2

Tetrodotoxin
Batrachotoxin

Question 3

Voltage-Gated: POTASSIUM channel
Affected by what 2 factors

Answer 3

Apamin
Charybdotoxin

Question 4

Voltage-Gated: Calcium channel
Affected by what 2 factors

Answer 4

Omega conotozin
Agatoxin

Question 5

Voltage-Gated: SODIUM channel
_________: Blocks channel from outside, Puffer Fish

Answer 5

Tetrodotoxin [TTX]

Question 6

Voltage-Gated: SODIUM channel
_________: Slows inactivation, shifts activation, Colombian Frog

Answer 6

Batrachotoxin [BTX]

Question 7

Voltage-Gated: POTASSIUM channel
_________: Blocks “SMALL Ca-activated” K channel, Pacific Cone Snail

Answer 7

Apamin

Question 8

Voltage-Gated: POTASSIUM channel
_________: Blocks “BIG Ca-activated K “channel, Funnel web spider

Answer 8

Charybdotoxin

Question 9

Voltage-Gated: CALCIUM channel
_________: Blocks N-type channel, Pacific Cone Snail

Answer 9

Omega conotoxin

Question 10

Voltage-Gated: CALCIUM channel
_________: Blocks P-type channel, Funnel Web spider

Answer 10

Agatoxin

Question 11

What are the 3 Voltage Gated Channels

Answer 11

1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. Calcium

Question 12

Ligand-Gated: Nicotinic ACh
Affected by what factors

Answer 12

Cx - Bungarotoxin

IRREVERISBLE ANTAGONIST, Marin Snake

Question 13

Ligand-Gated: GABA RECEPTOR
Affected by what factors

Answer 13

Picrotoxin

Blocks channel, South Pacific Plant

Question 14

Ligand-Gated: Glycine receptor
Affected by what factors

Answer 14

Strychnine

COMPETITIVE antagonist, Indian Plant

Question 15

Ligand-Gated: AMPA Receptors
Affected by what factors

Answer 15

Philanthotoxin

Blocks channel, Wasp

Question 16

Affected by several toxins such as TTX and BTX

Answer 16

Sodium Channels

Question 17

What channel close or open depending on the charge inside and outside of the neurons

Answer 17

Voltage-Gated Channels

Question 18

What channel requires a chemical ligand to attach to the binding site so that it will be opening or closing the gates

Answer 18

Ligand Gated Channel

Question 19

What channel would have an opening that stimulated or inhibit the cells (neuron cells)

Answer 19

Ligand Gated Channels

Question 20

What channel has exogenous and endogenous chemicals that can mimic the ligand to be able to open ionotropic and metabotropic channels

Answer 20

Ligand Gated Channels

Question 21

Concentrated on the axon hillock or INITIAL SEGMENT of the axons in nerve cells as it exits the soma, the nerve cell

Answer 21

Voltage-Gated Ion Channel

Question 22

What are the 2 classes of neurotransmitter receptors

Answer 22

1. Ligand gated ion channel or Ionotropic Receptors
2. Metabotropic Receptors

Question 23

Chemically-gated, respond to chemical neurotransmitters (NTAs) that bind to receptor subunits of the channel

Answer 23

Ligand Gated Ion Channel

Question 24

These receptors consist of multiple subunits, and binding of the neurotransmitter LIGAND directly opens the channel, which is an integral part of the receptor complex

Answer 24

Ionotropic Receptors

Question 25

What receptor is SEVEN transmembrane G protein coupled (serpentine)

Answer 25

Metabotropic Receptors

Question 26

Binding does not result in the direct gating of a channel

Answer 26

Metabotropic Receptors

Question 27

True or False: Membrane delimited pathway is the activation of metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors often leads to the modulation of voltage gated channels.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are the 3 types of receptor channel coupling in LIGAND gated ion channel

Answer 28

1. Receptors that acts DIRECTLY on the ion channel protein 2. Receptors that is coupled to the ion channel through G protein 3. Receptors coupled to a G protein that modulated the formation of diffusible second messengers

Question 29

What are the 3 mechanism under Diffusible second messengers

Answer 29

1. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP] 2. Ionositol triphosphate [IP3] 3. Diacylglycerol [DAG]

Question 30

Influx of ions whether inside or outside the cell is an electrical mechanism

Answer 30

Synapse

Question 31

What are the 2 Synapse

Answer 31

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) or Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)

Question 32

Depolarizing potential change

Answer 32

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) [Increase Positive, Decrease Negative]

Question 33

It is positive outside and negative inside

Answer 33

Resting membrane

Question 34

What are the 2 depolarizing change

Answer 34

1. Opening of sodium (Na) or calcium channels (Ca) 2. Closing of potassium (K) channels in some synapses

Question 35

Higher Sodium [Na], Higher Calcium [Ca], Lower Potassium [K]

Answer 35

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)

Question 36

Hyperpolarizing potential change

Answer 36

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) [Increase Negative]

Question 37

Generated by opening of potassium (K) or chloride (Cl) channels

Answer 37

Hyperpolarizing potential change

Question 38

Higher Potassium [K], Higher Chlorine [CL] at postsynaptic, Lower Calcium [Ca] at presynaptic

Answer 38

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)