7.1 Periodic Table Flashcards
What does the position of an element in the periodic table show?
Its chemical and physical properties
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
In order of increasing atomic number
What are the vertical columns called in the periodic table?
Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the similarities within a group?
The number of electrons in the outer shell
Similar properties
What does the group number show?
The number of electrons in the outer shell
What does the period show?
The number of the highest energy electron shell
What groups are included in the s block?
Groups 1 and 2
What groups are included in the p block?
Groups 13-18
What elements are in the d block?
Transition metals
What are group 1 elements called?
Alkali metals
Why are group 1 elements called alkali metals?
They react with water to form an alkali
Reactivity of group 1 elements
Highly reactive, as there is only one electron in the outer shell, which they try to lose
Reactivity going down group 1
Reactivity increases
Easier to lose outer shell electron, as there is more shielding, and due to a larger number of shells, there is less attraction between the nucleus and outer shell electrons, so they are lost more easily
What are group 17 elements called?
Halogens
How do group 17 elements exist?
As diatomic molecules
Reactions of halogens
Displacement reactions
A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen
What happens to reactivity going down group 17?
Reactivity decreases
Harder to gain an electron
More shielding
Less nuclear attraction
What are group 18 elements called?
Noble gases
Properties of transition metals
Have various oxidation states
Form colourful compounds
Good catalysts
What are group 2 elements called?
Alkali Earth metals
What is periodicity?
A trend across a period that repeats
What happens across period 2?
2s sub shell fills with 2 electrons, followed by 2p sub shell with 6 electrons
What happens across period 3?
3s sub shell fills with 2 electrons, followed by 3p sub shell with 6 electrons
What happens across period 4?
3d sub shell is involved but highest shell number is n=4, only 4s and 4p sub shells are occupied
What are group 15 elements called?
Pnictogens
What are group 16 elements called?
Chalcogens
