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OCR Gateway A Level Chemistry > 26.1 Carbonyl Compounds > Flashcards

26.1 Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the carbonyl functional group?

A

C=O

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2
Q

Carbonyl group in aldehydes

A

Carbonyl group found at the end of the carbon chain
CHO

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3
Q

Simplest aldehyde

A

Methanal

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4
Q

Common name for methanal

A

Formaldehyde

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5
Q

Carbonyl group in ketones

A

Carbonyl functional group is joined to 2 Carbon atoms
CO

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6
Q

Simplest ketone

A

Propanone

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7
Q

Common name for propanone

A

Acetone

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8
Q

Suffixes for aldehyde

A

-al

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9
Q

Suffixes for ketone

A

-one

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10
Q

Oxidation of aldehydes

A

Aldehydes can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids

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11
Q

Conditions for oxidation of aldehydes

A

Reflux with Potassium Dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid

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12
Q

Can ketones be oxidised?

A

No, they cannot

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13
Q

What does the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones depend on?

A

Nature of the Carbon-Oxygen double bond
Made of sigma bond and pi bond

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14
Q

Why is the double bond in alkenes different to the C=O bond?

A

C=C bond is non polar
C=O bond is polar

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15
Q

Why is the C=O bond polar?

A

Oxygen is more electronegative than Carbon
Electron density in the double bond is closer to the Oxygen atom than the Carbon
Carbon becomes δ+ and Oxygen becomes δ-

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16
Q

Reactions of aldehydes and ketones

A

Undergo nucleophilic addition

17
Q

Reducing agent for reduction of ketones and aldehydes

A

Sodium Tetrahydridoborate (III) NaBH4

18
Q

Reduction of aldehydes

A

Reduced to primary alcohols

19
Q

Reduction of ketones

A

Reduced to secondary alcohols

20
Q

Hydrogen cyanide

A

Colourless extremely poisonous liquid
Boils slightly above room temperature
Cannot be used safely in laboratory

21
Q

Why is NaCN used instead of HCN?

A

It’s formed in situ
Exists as a solid, so it is safer to use

22
Q

Why is the reaction with HCN useful?

A

Allows the carbon chain to be extended

23
Q

Compound formed when carbonyl compounds react with HCN

A

Hydroxynitrile
-OH and CN (triple bond)

OCR Gateway A Level Chemistry (46 decks)

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