7 Wound Care

Question 1

List the five bandaging guidelines.

Answer 1

Use clean sterile dressings.
Check circulation below the injury before and after bandaging. If circulation is reduced then loosen the bandage.
If blood soaks through add another layer of bandaging.
If applying ointment, do so on the bandage.
Reserve several sterile bandages.

Question 2

List the 4 key infection care guidelines.

Answer 2

Keep it clean
Keep it protected (but not fully closed)
Monitor for redness, swelling or discharge.
Seek medical care if signs appear.

Question 3

6 signs of infection:

Answer 3

Heat/warmth
Redness
Pus
Tenderness
Swelling
Nausea

Question 4

3 steps to wound care:

Answer 4

Clean with syringe or other.
Apply antibiotic cream/ointment
Re-apply fresh dressing/bandage

Question 5

When is an infection critical?

Answer 5

Fever and/or red streaks moving out from the site.

Outline the site and get medical attention.

Question 6

Describe care for bruises.

Answer 6

Apply cold pack wrapped in cloth for up to 20 minutes, remove for 20-30, repeat.

Question 7

Four types of cuts/scrapes:

Answer 7

Cut
Scrape
Skin flap
Puncture

Question 8

4 steps to cut/scrape care:

Answer 8

Direct pressure to stop any bleeding
Clean with soap and clean water
Apply antibiotic cream and bandage
Change dressing at least once per day

Question 9

Friction blister general care (3)

Answer 9

Clean
Apply adhesive pad
Bandage the pad in place

Question 10

4 signs of friction blisters:

Answer 10

Redness
Hot spots
Tenderness and/or pain
Swollen area filled with water or blood

Question 11

Blister care on a multi day hike (4):

Answer 11

Drain using sterilized needle
Remove loose skin
Wash area with soap/water
Apply hydrogel, donut and bandage in place

Question 12

Impalement care principles (2)

Answer 12

Leave object in place

Stabilize object without putting pressure on it

Question 13

Impalement special considerations (2)

Answer 13

It may be shortened.

It should only be removed in life threatening situations, then treated as a puncture wound.

Question 14

Splinter care:

Answer 14

Remove with tweezers

Treat as a cut

Question 15

2 fish hook removal methods:

Answer 15

1. Press back of hook shank flat, quickly jerk out, treat as a cut.
2. Manoeuver barbed tip forward and cut off. Pull out the rest and treat as a cut.

Question 16

Nosebleed care steps (3)

Answer 16

Head forward, spit out blood
Pinch nostrils for 10-15 minutes
If unresponsive put in recovery position

Question 17

Other nosebleed considerations:

Answer 17

Uncontrollable bleeding may be life threatening.

Remove objects if they are easily removed.

Question 18

Care for knocked out tooth (3)

Answer 18

Bite down on cleaning dressing
Pick up tooth by crown and protect it (coconut water or whole milk or gauze or clean cloth with some saliva)
See dentist asap

Question 19

4 principles for eye injury care:

Answer 19

Avoid touching the eye or putting pressure on it
Have person blink several times
Gently flush eye with running water
If still a problem seek medical attention

Question 20

Treatment for chemical in the eye:

Answer 20

Gently flush for at least 15 minutes or until help arrives

Question 21

Treatment for flash burned eye:

Answer 21

Cover eyes with cool wet cloth

Seek medical attention

Question 22

Other tips for running water eye flushes (2)

Answer 22

Water bottle

Poke small hole in plastic bag of water

Question 23

3 signs of ear injury:

Answer 23

Blood or fluid from the ear
Swelling
Difficulty hearing

Question 24

When is an ear injury critical?

Answer 24

When it results from internal, head, neck or spinal injury.

Question 25

Treating a critical ear injury: (4)

Answer 25

Drain any fluid
Gently apply sterile dressing
No pressure on ear
Seek medical attention

Question 26

2 steps for object in the ear:

Answer 26

Tilt head to affected side and tap head
Gently pull object out if possible
Else, treat as impaled object and seek medical attention

Question 27

Treatment for live insect in ear: (3)

Answer 27

Do not pull it out
Move to dark area
Pull back outer ear and shine flashlight

Question 28

Treatment if insect doesn’t come out of ear: (3)

Answer 28

Flush with lukewarm water
If insect floats, gently remove it
Have person tilt head to drain water

Question 29

Care for amputated body part (4)

Answer 29

Wrap severed part in damp clean cloth or gauze in sealable plastic bag.
Label with name, date and time
Keep part cool (no direct ice)
Send part to hospital with person

Question 30

Care for partially amputated body part:

Answer 30

Put it back in place
Bandage
Treat as fracture

Question 31

Treatment of an eviscerated organ (3)

Answer 31

Keep organ moist with clean water
Layer of plastic then thick dressing
Keep organ warm

Question 32

4 signs of chest injury:

Answer 32

Deformity or swelling
Guarded shallow breathing
Bruising
Coughing up blood

Question 33

4 steps to care for chest injury:

Answer 33

Rest and keep still
Apply direct pressure to bleeding (non occluding and replace if soaked and occluded)
Do not apply pressure if bleeding is minor
Give person something to hold against injury if not penetrating

Question 34

3 levels of burns, and typical wilderness burns (3)

Answer 34

Superficial, Partial thickness, Full thickness

Sunburns, scalds, fire

Question 35

Burn priority critical determination principle:

Answer 35

if more than 10% is partial or full, or if located in sensitive body areas.

Question 36

3 principles for burn care:

Answer 36

Cool with water or clean cool compress gradually.
Clean area
Cover loosely with dry, sterile dressing

Question 37

After care for burns (3)

Answer 37

Monitor site for infection
Seek medical attention (monitor for dehydration)
Treat for shock, dehydration and pain while waiting care.

Question 38

Chemical burns critical care principles (3)

Answer 38

Put on PPE
Brush off dry powder
Flush with large amounts of cool water

Question 39

3 steps to treat electrical burns:

Answer 39

Turn off electrical current
Keep person still
Look for entry and exit points to treat