7 - The role of technology in physical activity and sport Flashcards
define research
a systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge
define sports analytics
the analysis of sports data using analytical tools and methods for data to be subjected to analytical procedures in order to try to improve results
what is Opta?
a company that has statisticians gathering and analysing sporting data collected in order to create the best predictions possible
what is quantitative research?
formal, objective and systematic process used to gather quantitative data
define quantitative data.
numerical data which can be measured precisely
- used by most fitness tests
- e.g VO2 max test on a treadmill
what is qualitative data?
descriptive of the way people think/feel, sometimes less precise and can be less meaningful
- time consuming to collect and analyse
-subjective
- e.g coaches expressing an opinion on the gym routine
what is objective data?
fact-based information which is measurable and usable
- e.g level achieved on the multi-stage fitness test (links to VO2 max score)
- highly meaningful when feeding back to performers
what is subjective data?
data based on personal opinion which is less measurable and often less useable
what is validity?
refers to the degree to which the data collected actually measures what it claims to measure
what is reliability?
refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time
what affects reliability?
- human error
- inexperience of advanced equipment
- poorly maintained equipment
what is video analysis used for?
- to analyse individual technique / team performances
- can analyse gait
- can analyse biomechanical aspects of performance
what is video motion analysis?
technique used to get information about moving objects from video
- usually involves a high speed camera and a computer that allows frame-by-frame playback
- can take place straight after performance or in a more controlled laboratory environment
what is video motion analysis used for?
- to correct technical performance (e.g angle of release of a shotput)
what 2 distinct sports science disciplines is motion analysis used in?
- Notational match analysis - recording aspects of individual or team performances
- Biomechanics - used to analyse the sporting impact of body movements (called kinematics)
what methods to collect data do both disciplines use?
measured observation (i.e quantitative analysis)
- can be during or after performance
- used to quantify performance
what is Performance Analysis (PA)?
the provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get a positive change in performance
- feedback can be gained by: number of successful passes, distance run in km, number of shots on target etc.
what are the techniques used in PA?
- immediate visual feedback software is useful to provide images before and after training for comparison when providing for feedback
- can be used to look at the stats of an opponent in a competition (alongside using past experiences) to come up with tactics
give an example of where PA is used.
in notational match analysis
- recording individual and team performance
- e.g basketball. ratio of shots taken to baskets scored
what is indirect calorimetry?
the measurement of the amount of heat / energy generated in an oxidation reaction by determining the consumption of oxygen / the amount of carbon dioxide released
- these quantities are translated into a heat equivalent
- non-invasive accurate technique
- uses a metabolic cart
what is a metabolic cart?
attaches headgear to a subject while they breathe a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time
- allows the body’s metabolism to be measured through the amount of heat produced
- all equipment is on a mobile push cart
how does a metabolic cart determine the heat production?
- intake of oxygen into the body
- output of carbon dioxide
- these results are measured as the resting energy expenditure (REE)
what affects the REE?
- environmental conditions
- weight
- height to weight ratio
- age
- gender
- presence of drugs (e.g amphetamines)
advantages of an indirect calorimeter:
- determines energy requirements and response to nutrition over time
- allows calculation of energy expenditure (therefore determines nutritional requirements)
- can help individuals who are classified as obese
- the calculation of REE helps medical staff to determine the amount of food needed
sources of error that reduce the validity and reliability of indirect calorimetry:
- inaccuracies from air leaks
- recording errors
- difficult to use on children
- overfeeding / underfeeding based on results
- process measures consumption, not needs
what is GPS software?
space-based system that provides location and time information that can be used on players during training /matches
- they track the speed, distance and direction of the performer
