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Circulatory, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems > 7. The Immune System > Flashcards

7. The Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of immunity?

A

innate
humoral
cell-mediated

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2
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

refers to the general, nonspecific protection the body provides against various invaders

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3
Q

What are the five principle components of innate immunuty?

A
  1. skin
  2. lysozymes in tears, saliva, and blood
  3. acidity in the stomach
  4. macrophages and neutrophils
  5. complement system
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4
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

enzymes that kills some bacteria by destroying their cell walls

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5
Q

What is the complement system of the blood?

A

group of 20 blood proteins that can non-specifically bind to the surface of foreign cells leading to their destruction

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6
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

refers to the specific protection by antibodies or immunoglobulins

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7
Q

What are antibodies?

A

proteins in the plasma that specifically recognize and bind to microorganisms or other foreign particles leading to the destruction and removal from the body

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8
Q

What are the two polypeptides that comprise antibodies?

A

light chain
heavy chain

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9
Q

What are the two regions of antibodies?

A

constant region
variable region

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10
Q

What is the variable region of antibodies responsible for?

A

specificity of antibodies in recognizing foreign particles

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11
Q

What is an antigen?

A

molecule that an antibody binds to

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12
Q

What are examples of antigens?

A

viral capsid proteins
bacterial surface proteins
toxins

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13
Q

What is an epitope?

A

small site that an antibody recognizes within a larger molecule

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14
Q

When an antibody binds to an antigen, what are the three things that can contribute to the removal of the antigen from the body?

A
  1. direct inactivation of the antigen
  2. induction of phagocytosis of a particle by macrophages or neutrophils
  3. activation of the complement system
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15
Q

What are B cells?

A

lymphocyte that produces antibodies

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16
Q

Where are immature B cells derived from?

A

precursor stem cells in the bone marrow

17
Q

What are the two types of cells B cells can be stimulated to become?

A

plasma cells
memory cells

18
Q

What is the function of plasma B cells?

A

produce and secrete antibody proteins in the plasma

19
Q

What is the function of memory B cells?

A

pre-activated, dormant B cells responsible for the secondary immune response

Circulatory, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems (12 decks)

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