5. Transport of Gases

Question 1

Can oxygen dissolve in plasma?

Answer 1

no; too hydrophobic

Question 2

What is used to carry oxygen in the blood?

Answer 2

RBCs and hemoglobin

Question 3

What is heme?

Answer 3

large multi-ring structure that has a single iron bound at its center

Question 4

How many molecules of oxygen can each hemoglobin carry?

Answer 4

four

Question 5

What is the tense state of hemoglobin?

Answer 5

low affinity for oxygen

Question 6

What is the relaxed state for hemoglobin?

Answer 6

high affinity for oxygen

Question 7

Where are levels of oxygen high and where are levels low?

Answer 7

high = lung
low = tissues

Question 8

What are the factors that stabilize the tense configuration of hemoglobin?

Answer 8

1. decreased pH
2. increased PCO2
3. increased temperature

Question 9

What are the three ways carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood stream?

Answer 9

1. conversion to carbonic acid (water soluble)
2. transported by hemoglobin
3. some can be dissolved in the water of plasma

Question 10

What are intercellular clefts?

Answer 10

spaces between the endothelial cells that make up the capillary wall

Question 11

What three basic types of substances can move through the capillary walls?

Answer 11

1. nutrients
2. wastes
3. white blood cells

Question 12

Can amino acids and glucose pass through intercellular clefts of capillaries?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What are lacteals?

Answer 13

tiny lymphatic vessels in the intestinal walls

Question 14

What is lipemia?

Answer 14

lipids flowing in the blood stream

Question 15

What are the two types of white blood cells that can pass through capillary clefts?

Answer 15

macrophages and neutrophils

Question 16

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 16

osmotic pressure provided by plasma proteins

Question 17

What is the main plasma protein that helps increase oncotic pressure in capillaries?

Answer 17

albumin

Question 18

What is edema?

Answer 18

swelling caused by excess water in the tissues