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PARASITOLOGY - 1 > 7 – Taeniids > Flashcards

7 – Taeniids Flashcards

1
Q

Taenia spp.

A
  • Dogs and cats
  • Don’t feed=NO clinical signs
  • *generally use genetics to ID specific types
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2
Q

Taenia type egg*** (Taenia/Echinococcus)

A
  • Thick radially striated shell
  • Hooks on hexacanth larva
  • *very environmentally resistance (can last for years)
  • No translation period (infective as soon as it comes out)
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3
Q

Adult Taenia sp.

A
  • Scolex
  • Immature segments
  • Mature segments
  • Gravid segments
  • *LONG, RIBBON like
  • *over 1m in length
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4
Q

Scolex of Taenia sp.

A
  • Rostellum with hooks
  • 4 suckers (can only see 2 as there is 2 on each side)
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5
Q

Mature segments of Taenia sp.

A
  • *Single lateral genital pore
  • Ovary
  • Oocytes
  • Testes
  • Uterus
  • Vitelline gland
  • *hermaphrodites: one set of genitalia per mature segment
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6
Q

Gravid segments of Taenia sp.

A
  • More FULL (‘christmas tree’)
  • Single lateral genital pre
  • Uterus with many eggs
  • *can release up to 50eggs/day, each has 50,000 larva
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7
Q

Tania spp: indirect life cycle

A
  • Adults in GIT
  • Poop out proglottids (gravid segments) or eggs
  • Eaten by IH (**metacestode with protoscolex/ices)
    o Rostellum is inverted to protect it
    o *2-3months in IH
  • *animal has access to outside
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8
Q

T. pisiformis

A
  • Canids in Canada
  • Metacestode: Cysticercus
  • IH: rabbits, rodents
  • Location of larvae in IH: liver, peritoneum
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9
Q

T. taeniaeformis

A
  • Felids in Canada
  • Metacestode: strobilocercus
  • IH: rodents
  • Location of larvae in IH: liver
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10
Q

Cyclophyllid metacestodes

A
  • Inside IH
  • *one prasite uses one type
  • Ex. cysticercus, coenurus, strobilocercus
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11
Q

Cysticercoid

A
  • Single protoscolex
  • No cyst
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12
Q

Cysticercus

A
  • Single protoscolex
  • Fluid-filled cyst
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13
Q

Coenurus

A
  • Many protoscolices attached to wall of fluid-filled cyst
  • Ex. Taenia serialis
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14
Q

Strobilocercus

A
  • Miniature adult
  • No cyst
  • Ex. T. taeniaeformis
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15
Q

Alveolar hydatid

A
  • Many protoscolices free in multichambered fluid-filled cysts
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16
Q

Diagnosis of Taenia spp. in DH (dog or cat)

A
  • Fecal flotation of eggs: NOT sensitive or specific
    o Use high specific gravit or sedimentation)
  • Perianal tape mount (*potentially zoonotic=NOT GOOD IDEA)
  • ***Coproantigen or coproPCR
  • Segments or adult cestodes in feces on necropsy
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17
Q

Treatment of Taenia in DH

A
  • Several cestocides labeled for dogs and cats
  • Goal: halt environmental contamination with immediately infective, resistant eggs
18
Q

Treatment of Taenia in DH

A
  • Control: prevent access to IH, cook
19
Q

Control of Taenia in IH

A
  • Prevent access to IH
  • Cook or freeze offal and meat before feeding dogs
20
Q

Control and treatment of Taenia for IH

A
  • Generally found on meat inspection of IH
  • No treatment for IH
  • Prevent access to food and water contaminated with feces of DH
21
Q

Epidemiology/ecology of Taeniidae

A
  • Slightly more common in cats in the west
  • Prevalence less affected by age of host
  • Global distribution
  • Species-specific host assemblages
  • Predatory-prey INDIRECT life cycles (DH: carnivore, IH: herbivore)
  • *Eggs immediately infective and very resistant
22
Q

Echinococcus granulosus/canadensis: DH

A
  • Wolves
  • Coyotes
  • Dogs
23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus/canadensis: IH

A
  • Moose
  • Elk
  • Caribou
  • Deer
  • (people)
24
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis: DH

A
  • Fox
  • Coyotes
  • Wolves
  • Dogs
  • (cats)
25
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis: IH

A
  • Rodents
  • (dogs)
  • (people)
26
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult

A
  • Scolex
  • Immature to mature to gravid segments
  • *Lateral genital pore in caudal half of mature segment
  • 1.5cm *SMALL
27
Q

Echinococcus canadenis: life cycle

A
  • In small intestine
  • Poop out eggs=immediately infective
  • Cystic hydatid cyst (lung of cervids) (CE: cystic echinococcus)
  • IH ingested and goes to the intestine
  • *humans: common in lungs, liver and maybe brain
    o Environmental contamination (water, food, even if fecal material not around)
  • *PPP 60 days
28
Q

Cystic hydatid (larval stage)

A
  • Many protoscolices free in fluid-filled cyst
    o Each could develop into an adult worm
  • *hydatid sand
29
Q

Diagnosis and clinical signs of Echinococcus spp. in DH (dog)

A
  • Subclinical
  • Fecal flotation for eggs=low sensitivity (morphologically identical to Taenia spp)
  • coproPCR: 80% sensitivity (distinguish between Taenia and Echinococcus spp)
  • very small: hard to find in feces or on necropsy
30
Q

Echinococcus adult cestodes: mucosal surface of SI

A
  • Do NOT open intestines or handle feces of wild canids unless pretreated at -80degree C for 5 days
  • *white spot (‘rice’)=adult
31
Q

Epidemiology/ecology of E. canadensis

A
  • All across Canada (higher in wildlife)
  • Prevalence tends to increase with age
  • Predatory-prey indirect life cycles (carnivore DH, herbivore IH)
  • Eggs immediately infective and very resistant
32
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis adult

A
  • 2-5mm
  • Genital pore in CRANIAL half of mature or gravid segment
33
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis distribution

A
  • All of western Canada now considered endemic (maybe not VI)
  • Southern Ontario
  • Quebec
  • *European strain is worse
34
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis Lifecyle

A
  • Smaller DH (fox, coyote, wolf, dog)
  • Drop eggs and eaten by rodents=IH (lemming, vole, deer mouse, NOT house mice)
  • Alveolar echinococcocis (alveolar hydatid)
    o Develops in 2-4 months in IH
  • *PPP 35 days
  • Humans can ingest infective eggs: liver (may not know for 10 years)
35
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis histology

A
  • Multiple chambers with multiple protoscolices
  • Kinds looks like alveoli of lungs
36
Q

Canine alveolar echinococcocis (AE)

A
  • Increasingly common in some provinces
  • Initially detected on medical imaging
  • May detect on laparotomy
  • Sometimes detected on necropsy
  • *dog can have adult worms and AE (20% of dogs in Europe)
37
Q

Diagnosis of canine AE

A
  • Suspicion: Medical imaging
  • Suggestive: Serology (not really in NA) or histopathology
    o Protoscolices only present in 1/3rd of dogs
  • Definitive: immunohistochemistry (not really in NA), PCR
38
Q

Management of canine AE

A
  • Collect fecal sample for flotation and coproPCR
  • Treat with adult cestocide (praziquanteal)
  • Treat with larval cestocide (albendazole)
  • Surgical debulking/resection if clinically indicated
  • Advise owner to consult health provider
39
Q

Poor prognosis tic indicators of canine AE:

A
  • Late detection
  • Significant abdominal effusion
  • Metastases
40
Q

Control of Echinococcus in DH (dog)

A
  • Halt environmental contamination with immediately infective, highly resistant eggs
  • control: prevent access to IH (freeze or cook internal organs)
  • *public health considerations
  • Treat with PRAZIQUANTEL
    o High risk dogs in endemic regions: year round
    o Know positive
  • Advise owner to consult health care provider

PARASITOLOGY - 1 (14 decks)

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