Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PARASITOLOGY - 1 > 10a – Ticks > Flashcards

10a – Ticks Flashcards

1
Q

Ticks established in western Canada

A
  • Dermacentor variabilis: American dog tick (AB, SK, MB)
  • D. andersoni: Rocky Mountain Wood tick (BC, AB)
  • D. albipictus: winter or moose tick (all)
  • Ixodes scapularis: eastern black legged tick (S. MB)
  • I. pacificus: Western black legged tick (BC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathogenesis of ALL ticks

A
  • Anemia
  • Dermatitis, alopecia
  • Local bacterial infection of bites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathogenesis of SOME tick species

A
  • Paralysis: salivary toxin of female tick (in BC)
  • Alpha-gal syndrome: red met allergy
  • Pathogen transmission (ex. Lyme disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hard tick ID

A
  • Shape of capitulum
  • Scutum ornate?
  • Are there festoons?
  • *sexual dimorphism obvious (male: scutum over whole back)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the scutum coloured?

A
  • Yes: white or yellow
  • NO: basis capitulum parallel-sided or angled?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is scutum white or yellow?

A
  • White: Dermacenter sp
  • Yellow: Ambylomma sp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is the basis capitulum parallel-sided or angled?

A
  • Parallel: Ixodes sp.(not festooned)
  • Angled: Rhipicephalus sp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dermacentor variabilis: American dog tick

A
  • 3 host tick
  • Dominant in SK, MB and east
  • Pathogen prevalence in western Canada is very low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

D. variabilis potentially transmits

A
  • Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
  • Tularemia (bacterium)
  • Ehrlichia canis (and other spp.; rickettsia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

D. andersoni: rocky mountain wood tick

A
  • 3 host tick
  • *tick paralysis in interior BC
  • Dominant tick in BC and AB
  • Pathogen prevalence in western Canada is very low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

D. andersoni transmits

A
  • Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
  • Tularemia (bacteria)
  • Colorado tick fever (virus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermacentor adults

A
  • Ornate scutum with white markings
  • Festoons
  • Short capitulum
  • *look at spiracles for species specific ID (don’t need to know)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Life cycle of D. variabilis and D. andersoni

A
  • 8 weeks to usually 2 years (especially in Canada)
    1. Eggs in environment (soil, vegetation)
    2. Larva: 6 legged and usually onto smaller hosts and take a blood meal
    3. Drop off and become nymphs (8 legs) which go on a similar host
    4. Drop off and become adults which go on a larger host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus: brown dog tick

A
  • 3 host tick=all dogs (rarely people)
  • Introduced from warmer regions, kennels, houses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

R. sanguineus transmits

A
  • Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
  • Ehrlichaia canis (rickettsia)
  • Babesia canis (piroplasmosis, protozoan): NOT in Canada
  • Hepatozoon canis (apicomplexan): NOT in Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

R. sanguineus adults

A
  • Inornate scutum
  • Festooned
  • Darth Vader helmet capitulum
17
Q

R. sanguineus life cycle

A
  • Almost all hosts are dogs
  • Shorter time period due to going to same host (months to years: often INSIDE)
  • *similar to Dermacentors
18
Q

Ixodes scapularis and I. pacificus

A
  • Eastern and western Canaada
  • Deer tick/black legged ticks
  • 3 host ticks
19
Q

Ixodes scapularis and I. pacificus transmits

A
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilium
  • Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
  • Borrelia miyamotoi (relapsing fever)
  • Powassan virus
20
Q

Ixodes pacificus

A
  • Inornate scutum
  • No festoons
  • Long parallel capitulum
  • Genital pore
  • Anal groove ANTERIOR to anus
  • *on dogs in BC in fall and winter (but can be elsewhere due to travelling)
21
Q

Ixodes scapularis life cycle

A
  • Generally takes 2-3 years
  • Eggs in environment
  • Larvae onto smaller host and blood meal (rodents, rabbits)
  • Nymphs onto slightly bigger hosts (song birds, pets and people: SPRING)
  • Adults drop and then onto white-tail deer, pets, people (FALL)
  • *nymphs + larvae can NOT infect cattle as they can’t get through skin
  • *cats can get
22
Q

Ixodes scapularis and cats

A
  • One of the only ticks cats get
  • *due to songbirds as cats hunt them
23
Q

Three-tiered tick prevention

A
  • Client education
  • Tick prevention
  • Testing and vaccination for Lyme disease
24
Q

Client education

A
  • Modify behaviour and environment
  • Tick checks and ID to genus level
  • Remove within 12-24hrs
25
Q

Tick prevention

A
  • Repellents: topical insecticides, collars
  • Systemic: oral isoxazolines, topical spot-ons
26
Q

testing and vaccination of Lyme disease

A
  • Test only if clinical signs & plausible exposure
  • Vaccinate only if live in or travel to endemic regions (S. MB, ON, QC, NS, NB, E. USA)
27
Q

Lyme disease and dogs

A
  • Few dogs exposed in non-endemic regions
  • Many dogs exposed in endemic regions
  • Exposure detected using serology at least 6-8 weeks after tick bite
  • 95% will NEVER develop clinical signs
28
Q

What might you see 2-5 post-exposure: Lyme disease and dogs

A
  • Shifting lameness (arthritis)
  • Anorexia
  • Fever
  • *Nephritis=most common clinical sign
  • Rarely neurological, cardiac and ocular issues

PARASITOLOGY - 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions