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PARASITOLOGY - 1 > 5 - GIN continued > Flashcards

5 - GIN continued Flashcards

1
Q

Hookworms of dogs and cats

A
  • Ancylostoma caninum (dogs, Z)
  • Ancylostoma tubaeforme (cats, Z?)
  • Uninaria
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2
Q

Unicinaria stenocephala

A
  • Northern hookworm
  • One tooth on each side (cutting plates)
  • Strongyle-type egg (slightly larger than eggs of Ancylostoma)
  • Not known to be zoonotic
  • Eggs NOT environmentally resistant
  • Rarely causes pathology or clinical illness
  • Control as for other hookworms (less serious)
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3
Q

Unicinaria stenocephala: life cycle

A
  • Shed eggs with morula in feces
  • Larvae will leave egg and translate into an ensheathed third stage larvae (L3 stay in L2 cuticle=more resistant)
  • 4-8 days in environment (T less than 7.5 degrees C)
  • Infected
    o Eat larva **PRIMARY
    o Paratenic host
    o Semi-tracheal route
  • *NO somatic or transplacental
  • **PPP 2-3 weeks
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4
Q

Semi-tracheal route

A
  • Through skin, finds vasculature ->heart and lungs to respiratory tract
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5
Q

Unicinaria stenocephala: hookworm dermatitis signs

A
  • Allergy
  • Mange
  • Other nematodes
  • *feet and skin
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6
Q

Unicinaria stenocephala: diagnosis

A
  • Fecal floatation
  • Coproantigen
  • Larvae on skin scraping
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7
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: adults

A
  • Smaller than nematodes (~1cm long)
  • Hook is at CRANIAL end
  • Buccal capsule
  • 3 pairs of teeth
  • ZOONOSES
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8
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: eggs

A
  • Smaller
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9
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: life cycle (under 6 months)

A
  • Ingest L3
  • Mucosal migration
  • Adults release eggs in feces
  • L1, L2, L3 ensheathed
  • *T above 15 degrees C
  • 5-8 days in environment
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10
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: life cycle (any age, more likely in younger dogs), percutaneous route

A
  • Eggs in environment
  • Ensheathed L3
  • Through semi-tracheal migration
  • Adults in GIT
  • *5-8 days in environment (temperatures above 15 degree C)
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11
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: life cycle (older than 6 months, but not exclusively) somatic

A
  • Still can have mucosal migration ->adults ->eggs with morula into environment
  • Some switch over to somatic lifecycle
    o Lungs into muscle tissue
    o Affect young pups via larvae in milk
    o Larvae in tissues->larvae into milk
  • Some from somatic can go back into intestines!
  • Can get through a paratenic host with L3
    **IF treat=only ones in gut
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12
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: larval leak

A
  • Repopulation of gut from somatic pool following treatment
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13
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: clinical syndromes (per-acute)

A
  • Nursing pups in 2nd week of life
  • Severe anemia in PPP
  • Melena
  • Death
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14
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: clinical syndromes (acute)

A
  • Older pups exposed to high infective doses
  • Severe anemia in PP
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15
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: clinical syndromes (chronic compensated)

A
  • Adult dogs in endemic areas
  • No or few clinical signs
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16
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: clinical syndromes (secondary decompensated)

A
  • Adult dogs with concomitant health/immunity problems
17
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: pathogenesis

A
  • Skin (summer eczema)
  • Respiratory signs (migrating larvae)
  • Blood feeding: pre-adults and adults (PPP)
    o Normocytic, normochromic to hypochromic, microcytic
18
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: pathogenesis in people

A
  • Cutaneous larval migrans
    o Creeping eruptions
    o Red, itchy, swollen
  • Eosinophilic enterocolitis
19
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: diagnosis

A
  • History and clinical signs (anemia)
  • Coproantigen (even in PPP)
  • Fecal floatation: strongyle type egg
  • Adult nematode ID
20
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: control

A
  • Deworm pumps starting at 2 weeks old
  • Supportive therapy (transfusion)
  • Spay female
  • Extra label pregnant and lactating females
  • Environmental hygiene
21
Q

Ancylostoma caninum: epidemiology/ecology

A
  • More common in southern USA
  • Canid DH
  • People=abnormal DH
  • Eggs NOT environmentally resistance
  • Thrive in warm, humid, unsanitary kennels
22
Q

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

A
  • 3 teeth
  • Rare in cats in Canada
  • Life cycle similar to Uncinaria (no somatic or transmammary transmission)
  • Can be asymptomatic
  • Can cause anemia, diarrhea, weight loss in kittens
  • Considered potentially zoonotic
23
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

A
  • Only FEMALES are parasitic
  • Half of body is pharynx
  • Pharyngo-intestinal junction
  • *humans and dogs=DH
24
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: first-stage larva

A
  • Rhabditiform pharynx
25
Q

Rhaditiform

A
  • Common in environment = hard to get uncontaminated fecal samples
26
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: life cycle

A
  • Shed L1 larvae
  • L2 (1-3 days translation period=can reinfect through intestines or right through skin when pooped out **KENNEL HYGEINE!
  • L3 options:
    o Free-living adults in environment (HETEROGONIC)
    o Oral route: hepato-tracheal migration (HOMOGONIC)
    o Percutaneous infection: semi-tracheal migration (SELF-INFECTIOUS)
  • INTESTINES as adults
    **PPP=7-14 days
27
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: pathogenesis

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Respiratory signs
  • Cutaneous larval migrans
  • Chronic bouts of abdominal pain and diarrhea (especially in immunosuppressed dogs/people)
  • Eosinophil enterocolitis
28
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: diagnosis

A
  • Larvae detected in Baermann on fresh feces
  • Older feces: must distinguish from free living larvae and from hatched hookworm larvae
29
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: control

A
  • Extra label macrocyclic lactones
  • Environmental hygiene
30
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: epidemiology/ecology

A
  • Worldwide, warm and human
  • NOT endemic in Canada
  • Free-living and parasitic cycles
  • Trans mammary transmission
  • Internal and external autoinfection in immunocompromised hosts (severe disease)
31
Q

Whipworms of dog and cat

A
  • Tichuris vulpis (dog)
  • Tichuris serrata (cat)
32
Q

Tichuris vulpis (dog)

A
  • Skinny end=head
33
Q

Tichuris vulpis: eggs

A
  • Polar plugs=football
  • Capillaria eggs=more rectangular
34
Q

Tichuris vulpis: life cycle

A
  • Poop out eggs
  • Development =1 week to months
    o Depends on humidity
    o More resilient=can survive months to years
  • L1 ingested and mucosal migration
35
Q

Tichuris vulpis: diagnosis

A
  • Fecal floatation
  • Coproantigen
  • Adult ID
36
Q

Tichuris vulpis: pathogenesis

A
  • Adults suck blood
  • Chronic colitis (bloody mucoid diarrhea)
37
Q

Tichuris vulpis: control

A
  • Benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones
  • Treatment may need to be repeated several times
  • Environmental hygiene
38
Q

Tichuris vulpis: epidemiology/ecology

A
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Canid DH (cats have own species)
  • Not considered mainstream zoonoses
  • Direct, simple life cycle
  • Long PPP
  • Eggs are ENVIRONMENTALLY RESISTANT

PARASITOLOGY - 1 (14 decks)

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