7. Social Psychology Flashcards
Agents of Socialization
- for children, primary agents are parents/fam members
- for adolescents, can expand to friends, peers, and teachers
- for adults, colleagues and bosses can also facilitate socialization
- environment can also have effect
Groupthink
The tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise w/in the group and w/o considering outside ideas and ethics; based on pressure to conform and remain loyal to the group
Types of Socialization
The process of developing, inheriting, and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs; individuals gain knowledge, skills, habits, and behaviors that are necessary for inclusion in society; the agents are primary socialization, secondary socialization, anticipatory socialization, and resocialization
Primary Socialization (def/timing)
process of initially learning actions and attitudes through observation; occurs in childhood (e.g. child learns to cover mouth when sneezing bc he sees mom do it)
Secondary socialization (def/timing)
based on learning the rules of specific social environments; occurs in adolescence and adulthood (e.g. child at playground picks up social cues and rules)
Anticipatory socialization (def/timing)
process by which a person prepared for future changes; occurs in adulthood (e.g. pregnant couple babysits to get practice with children)
Resocialization (def/timing)
process by which one discards old behaviors in favor of new ones; occurs in adulthood (e.g. armed forces are trained to obey orders and commands w/o hesitation)
Stigma
the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society; these deviations from norm can be differences in beliefs, abilities, behaviors, and appearance –> can extend to those who are associated w/ a particular individual (e.g. family of alleged murder can be stigmatized)
Peer pressure
the social influence placed on an individual by other individuals who are considered equals (think: “which line on second card matches length of line on first card” social experiment - Solomon Asch)
Social facilitation
tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others; supports the theory that people naturally exhibit a performance response when they know they are being watched (think: Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation)
Institutional stigma
refers to an organization’s policies or culture of negative attitudes and beliefs. For example, stigma is often reflected in the use of clinical terms, such as a “schizophrenic.” It is preferable to use “people first” language, such as “a person experiencing schizophrenia.”
Observational learning
a form of learning in which behavior is modified as a result of watching others
Stereotype threat
paradoxical effect where if one is aware of a negative stereotype of their social group, they are more likely to conform to that stereotype
Self-fulfilling prophecy
usually involves an expectation upon an individual rather than a group
Prejudice
an irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing; formed prior to actual experience
